Bromus dolichocarpus Wagnon 1950

9. Bromus dolichocarpus Wagnon (1950: 65). Figs. 32, 33. Bromopsis dolichocarpa (Wagnon) Holub (1973: 167). Type:— MÉXICO. Michoacán: in fir forest, ca. 10 mi NW of Ciudad Hidalgo, 18 March 1949, R. McVaugh 9887 (holotype MICH-1108613!, isotype US-2012739!). Plants perennial, not rhizomatous. Culms up to 192 cm tall, 2–4 mm wide at base, erect, the bases ± decumbent, pubescent below inflorescences; nodes 2–6, glabrous, puberulent or pubescent. Leaf sheaths sparsely to moderately pilose, hairs up to 1.5 mm long; auricles usually present; ligules 0.6–1.5(–3) mm long, glabrous; blades up to 39 cm × 3–16 mm, flat, adaxial surfaces pilose, hairs up to 1.5 mm long, abaxial surfaces glabrous, sometimes with scattered hairs adjacent to the midnerve, or sparsely pubescent, margins serrulate. Panicles up to 33 cm × 3–11 cm, open, nodding, branches ascending, 0.7–12 cm long, shorter or longer than spikelets, scabrous to densely pubescent, hairs up to 0.6 mm long, 1–2(–3) spikelets per branch. Spikelets 2.5–3.6(–4) cm long, 5–8-flowered, elliptic to lanceolate, terete to moderately laterally compressed, rachillas sometimes visible at maturity; glumes glabrous, sometimes a few hairs proximally and along the margins, or pubescent proximally, margins hyaline, midnerves scabrous, sometimes pubescent proximally, hairs up to 0.6 mm long; lower glumes 10–13(–14) mm × 0.3–0.7(–1) mm, narrowly lanceolate, 1(–3)-nerved, green along the nerve(s), apices acute, rarely acuminate; upper glumes 12–19 mm × 0.7–1.3 mm, lanceolate, 3-nerved, green along the nerves, green to light green–translucent between the nerves, apices acute, rarely acuminate; lemmas (13–) 14–20 mm × 0.9–1.5 mm, linear-lanceolate, rounded over the backs, apices acute, 3(–5)-nerved, the nerves strong, backs puberulent proximally, glabrous distally, pubescent to pilose between the lateral nerves and the margins, hairs up to 0.5 mm long, light greentranslucent between the nerves, margins hyaline, nerves scabrous or pilose, hairs up to 0.6 mm long; awns 7–13 mm long, attached up to 0.5 mm below lemma apex, straight; paleas shorter and narrower than the lemmas, backs scabridulous to pubescent, keels ciliate, cilia up to 0.1 mm long; anthers 1.1–2.5 mm long; caryopses 10−15 mm long, light brown. 2 n = 28 (Wagnon 1950). Distribution: ―Native. Bromus dolichocarpus is distributed from central México (Chiapas, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Estado de México, Michoácan, Morelos, Oaxaca, Puebla, Veracruz) to Guatemala (El Progreso, Quezaltenango, San Marcos) (Fig. 34). It was reported from Colima and Jalisco by Beetle (1977), but we have not seen specimens from these states. This is the first report of B. dolichocarpus from Durango, as the species was not reported for the state by Herrera Arrieta (2001, 2014). Ecology: — Bromus dolichocarpus is found on gentle slopes and flats that are often steep and rocky and along small draws; associated with Pinus spp., Pinus hartwegii Lindley (1839: 62), Abies religiosa, Quercus spp., Juniperus deppeana, Arbutus xalapensis, Gaultheria Linnaeus (1753: 395), Pteridium Gled. ex Scopoli (1760: 169), Tagetes Linnaeus (1753: 887), Symphoricarpos Duhamel du Monceau (1755: 295), Arctostaphylos pungens, Alnus, Ribes Linnaeus (1753: 200), Prunus serotina Ehrhart (1783: 285), Rhamnus Linnaeus (1753: 193), Crataegus Linnaeus (1753: 475), Toxicodendron Miller (1754a), Geranium (Linnaeus 1753: 676) and Baccharis. Elevation: 2500–3800 m (Guatemala), (1900–) 2200–3920 m (México). Common Names: ―Unknown. Comments: ― Bromus dolichocarpus is one of three Mexican species with 3-nerved lemmas, which are newly recognized here in sect. Mexibromus. It is easily distinguished from B. attenuatus by its pubescent lemmas, longer awns and leaf blades that do not distinctly narrow towards their bases, and from B. densus by its longer awns, shorter anthers and wider leaf blades (see taxonomic key). Specimens Examined:― GUATEMALA. El Progreso: Sierra de Las Minas, between Finca Piamonte and top of Montaña Piamonte, along Joya Pacayal, [15.13°N, 89.75°W], 2500–3000 m, 7 February 1942, J.A. Steyermark 43619 (F-1202053, US-2436906). Quezaltenango: Cerro Quemado, [14.8°N, 91.52°W], 2600 m, September 1954, M. de Koninck 210 (US-2153572); mountains SE of Palestina, on old road to San Juan Ostuncalco, [14.87°N, 91.62°W], 2550–2850 m, 21 January 1941, P.C. Standley 84221 (F-1202285). San Marcos: along road between San Sebastián at km 21 and km 8, 8– 18 mi NW of San Marcos, [15.06°N, 91.83°W], 2700–3800 m, 15 February 1940, J.A. Steyermark 35769 (F-1052081) & 35771 (F-1052024); Sierra Madre Mountains, ca. 6 km (airline) Nof San Marcos, [14.96°N, 91.79°W], 2700 m, 13 December 1963, L.O Williams, A. Molina R. & T.P. Williams 25876 (F-1656824, US-2537602) & 25885 (NY, mixed sheet with B. carinatus var. marginatus). MÉXICO. Chiapas: Mpio. Zinacantán, near the summit of Muk'tavits, [16.3333°N, 92.75°W], 2745 m, 16 November 1981, D.E. Breedlove & B. Bartholomew 55564 (CAS, GH, MO). Distrito Federal: cerca de Eslava, 19.42°N, 99.17°W, 19 October 1952, J. Rzedowski 2005 (MEXU-100903, MICH-1119221); Cumbre de Estepa, 18.05°N, 97.7°W, April 1842, Liebmann 487 (US-2473643); in imperio Mexicano, from Zuccarini, Karwinsky s.n. (US-1009477); San Rafael, 19.25°N, 98.79°W, 2600 m, 18 September 1932, M. St. Pierre 938 (MICH-1119222, P-03629787, US); San Roman, Liebmann 501 (MO, US-2473641); 10 mi Eof Amecameca on road towards Paso de Cortés, in Parque Nacional Izta-Popo, 19.0764°N, 98.71°W, 2840 m, 12 October 2001, P.M. Peterson & Y. Herrera-Arrieta 16160 (CAN, MO, US); 1er Dínamo, Delegacíon Magdalena Contreras, [19.42°N, 99.13°W], 2580 m, 17 October 1985, A. Miranda & P. Guerrero 141 (MEXU-1110774); Desierto de Los Leones, 19.2531°N, 99.3286°W, 19 October 1960, T. Tateoka 389 (MEXU-151424) & 1151 (US-2380596); Desierto de Los Leones, Delegación de Guajimalpa, [19.2533°N, 99.3308°W], 25 January 1976, M. González E. 82 (ANSM); Mpio. Cuajimalpa, Desierto de Los Leones, [19.2533°N, 99.3308°W], 2 November 1979, 2700 m, F. Santoyo 178 (ANSM); Río Grande, July 1928, E. Lyonnet 266 (MEXU-258403); Vallede México, [19.42°N, 99.13°W], 3500 m, 9 December 1951, E. Matuda 25754 (MEXU-499579, MEXU-499578); Vallede México, Lago Zempoala, Hdo. de Morelos, 19.0494°N, 99.3175°W, 3000 m, 7 October 1951, E. Matuda 25587 (MEXU, US-2079183); Vallede México, San Rafael, 19.2333°N, 98.75°W, 2600 m, 19 November 1950, E. Matuda 18722 (MEXU, US-2040890). Durango: Mpio. Súchil, Reserva de la Biosfera La Michilia, Mesa El Burro, 23.4108°N, 104.3108°W, 2650 m, 16 September 1982, Y. Herrera 261 (ANSM). Guerrero: Mpio. Chilpancingo de los Bravos, Omiltemi, [17.55°N, 99.51°W], 1900 m, 15 November 1991, V. Nandi 134 (MEXU-1089776); Mpio. Chilpancingo de los Bravos, al NW de Omiltemi en direccion a la toma de Agua de la Cañada de la Perra, [17.55°N, 99.5°W], 2120 m, 10 October 1985, R. Antonio Ocampo 405 (MEXU-502476). Hidalgo: El Chico, 20.2167°N, 98.7333°W, July 1929, P. Lyonnet 262 (US-1034151); Las Ventanas, Mineral del Chico, [20.17°N, 98.73°W], 2970 m, 19 May 1993, J. Práxedes Pérez 23 (MEXU); Pachuca Dist., below Pueblo Nuevo on road from Real del Monte to El Chico, 20.1667°N, 98.7333°W, 2850 m, 17 October 1946, H.E. Moore, Jr. 1531 (GH, US-1963095). Jalisco: on the divide above headwaters of Río Mascota (25–30 km, airline, SE of Talpa de Allende), steep mountainsides and barrancas 1–2 mi Nof the sawmill " La Cumbre", and 11–12 road mi Sof El Rincón, 20.0403°N, 103.8753°W, 2000–3000 m, 29 November 1960, R. McVaugh 21533 (NY); steep mountainsides above Amacueca, near the summit of the plateau, road to Tapalpa, [19.1556°N, 102.9889°W], 2100–2250 m, 2 November 1960, R. McVaugh 20654 (NY). Estado de México: 8 km de la desviación al Nevado de Toluca, [19.1083°N, 99.7583°W], 3260 m, 29 November 1983, Manrique, Jaramilo & Núñez 558 (MEXU-1089780); a 6 km sobre la desviación a Tequesquiapan, carretera Toluca-Temascaltepec, 19.31°N, 98.97°W, 2580 m, 25 October 1983, Manrique, Jaramillo & Nuñez 445 (MEXU-1098071, MEXU-1033954); al SE de Zinacantepec, [19.14°N, 99.71°W], 3920 m, 8 April 1992, A. Vega, A. Ramírez & R. Mendoza 2 (MEXU-1089771); camino de terracería Malinalco-San José Tenería, [18.93°N, 99.49°W], 27 October 1988, J.G. Aldape et al. 34 (MEXU); carretera Toluca-Temascaltepec, [19.12°N, 99.88°W], 2530 m, Manrique, Guerrero, Guzmán & Jaramillo 140 (MEXU); Cieneguillas de Cabra, entre la carretera Sultepec-La Puerta, al Sdel Nevado de Toluca, [19.1083°N, 99.7583°W], 2600 m, 1 August 1981, R. Guzmán 4021 (MEXU); entre Texcaltitlán y Las Juntas, al Sdel Nevado de Toluca, [18.93°N, 99.95°W], 2660 m, 1 August 1981, R. Guzmán 4015 (MEXU-1110805); Estación experimental San Cayetano, 2500 m, 2 August 1978, F.M. Fuchs 97 (MEXU-231170); Mpio. Amecameca, 1 km al noroeste de San Antonio, 2550 m, 11 December 1977, N. Valentín M. 74 (ANSM); Mpio. Amecameca, km 15 carretera Amecameca-Tlamacas, [19.08°N, 98.67°W], 2 October 1992, A. Miranda & G. Villegas 636 (MEXU); Mpio. Atlautla de Victoria, Volcán Popocatépetl, ladera W por Atlautla, [19.05°N, 98.64°W], 2725 m, 24 October 1987, J. Hernández 230 (MEXU-565906); Mpio. México, 3 km al Ede San Rafael, [19.21°N, 98.74°W], 2700 m, 19 September 1976, C. Flores G. s.n. (MEXU-292304); Mpio. Morelos, Valle del Tepeite, [19.27°N, 99.18°W], 16 October 1937, E. Lyonnet 18112 (MEXU-278684); Mpio. Ocuilan de Arteaga, 2 km al NW de Sta. Mónica de Ocuilan, 18.9833°N, 99.4417°W, 2350 m, 4 February 1990, González & O. Miranda J. 328 (MEXU-1031709); Mpio. Tepotzotlán, 2400 m, 26 October 1975, J.R. Torres V. (ANSM); Mpio. Texcoco, 2 km al SE de San Pablo Ixayoc, sobre el camino hacia el Aguaje, 12.5 km al SE de Texcoco, [19.41°N, 98.86°W], 2670 m, 21 October 1976, S. D. Koch 76210 (MEXU-265511, MO); Mpio. Tlalmanalco, 3 km al Ede San Rafael, [19.21°N, 98.76°W], 2700 m, 27 May 1965, J. Rzedowski 19863 (MEXU-187911); Mpio. Tlalmanalco, a 3 km al Ede San Rafael, [19.21°N, 98.76°W], 2700 m

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