Mesoplodon bidens Sowerby 1804
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
18. Sowerby’s Beaked Whale Mesoplodon bidens French: Baleine-a-bec de Sowerby / German: Sowerby-Zweizahnwal / Spanish: Zifio de Sowerby Other common names: North Atlantic Beaked Whale, North Sea Beaked Whale Taxonomy. Physeter bidens Sowerby, 1804, UK, Scotland, “stranded on the estate of James Brodie, Esq. F. LL. S., in the county of Elgin.” This species is monotypic. Distribution. Restricted to the cooler waters of the N Atlantic Ocean from 71° 30" N in the Norwegian Sea, Iceland, and [Labrador (Canada) in the N, to Madeira, Azores, and NE USA to the S; single records from the Gulf of Mexico and E Mediterranean Sea are thought to represent vagrant individuals. In general, this species appears to be more widespread in E Atlantic Ocean than in W Atlantic Ocean, which may be related to preferences for cooler water temperatures. Descriptive notes. Total length 450-550 cm; weight 1000-1500 kg. Body of Sowerby’s Beaked Whale is spindle-shaped, with greatest girth around its midpoint. Flukes are wide in relation to body length, and tailstock is compressed laterally. Dorsalfin is small and set approximately two-thirds the distance between tip of the beak and end of the tail. Coloration is typically dark brown, dark gray, or black on top and paler underneath. Rostrum and lowerjaw form a long, well-defined beak, and there are two grooves on the throat. Adult males have two triangular tusks midway along the lower jaw that stick up alongside the upperjaw. Tusks can become heavily worn in older males, and they do not erupted in juveniles and adult females. Adult males may also have many long pale scars that are caused by the tusks of other males during male-male combat. Habitat. Generally restricted to water depths greater than 200 m. Most sightings of Sowerby’s Beaked Whales are associated with areas of complex seabed topography, such as shelf edges, canyons, seamounts, and oceanic islands, but they may also occur in other oceanic habitats. Distribution of Sowerby’s Beaked Whaleis restricted to cooler waters, and most records come from waters cooler than 15°C. Food and Feeding. Sowerby’s Beaked Whale is one of the few species of beaked whales that seems to primarily consume deep-water fish rather than deep-water squid. It is known to take a wide range of bentho-pelagic fish, including deep-water gadoids. Almost all of its prey is 1-6% of an individual’s total body length, with a clear mode at 2-3%. In common with other species of beaked whales, feeding likely occursat great depth, often over 500 m and possibly as deep as 3000 m or more. Foraging dives may be up to an hourin length. Breeding. Little is known about breeding in Sowerby’s Beaked Whale. Although unconfirmed,it is thought that reproduction is seasonal, with offspring born in spring or summer, and that gestation is twelve months. Activity patterns. There is no information available for this species. Movements, Home range and Social organization. There is no specific information available for this species, but as with other species of Mesoplodon, Sowerby’s Beaked Whale is seen in small groups, typically of five individuals or less, and groups larger than ten individuals are rarely encountered. Small groups tend to consist of females and immature individuals with one adult male. Larger groups may contain more than one adult male. Status and Conservation. CITES Appendix II. Classified as Data Deficient on The [UCN Red List. There are no estimates of global population size of Sowerby’s Beaked Whale. It is one of the most commonly encountered species of Mesoplodon within much ofits distribution. As with other species of beaked whales, Sowerby’s Beaked Whale may be at risk from climate change, noise pollution, bycatch by driftnetfisheries, and ingestion ofplastic debris. Nevertheless, nothing is known about the form or extent of these potential impacts. Bibliography. Hooker & Baird (1999b), Macleod (2006), MacLeod & DAmico (2006), MacLeod, Perrin et al. (2006), MacLeod, Santos & Pierce (2003), Mead (1989b).
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,025 | 0,008 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».