Weed Control in Cover Crop No-Till Corn Systems
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In the United States and Canada, weed interference in corn (Zea mays L.) costs farmers nearly $4 billion per year. Weed control has been achieved primarily through herbicides and tillage. As no-till corn acres have increased, dependence on herbicides has also increased. Herbicide-resistant weed infestations have pressured many growers into other weed management practices, such as adding winter cover crops into crop rotations. Field experiments were conducted in 2017 through 2018 and 2018 through 2019 at three locations in Indiana to determine residual herbicide efficacy applied at cereal rye termination and after corn planting in cereal rye (Secale cereale L.) and winter-fallow no-till corn. Weed biomass and density suppression was dependent on weed species and was influenced by cereal rye biomass at termination. Weed biomass was suppressed by up to 84% by cereal rye alone. Weed biomass reduction by a residual herbicide premix was similar in both cereal rye and non-cover crop treatments in most site-years, however cereal rye and the residual herbicide premix together resulted in decreased giant ragweed (Ambrosia trifida L.) and summer annual grass biomass compared to the residual herbicide premix applied alone in one site year. Late-season grass weed density was reduced by residual herbicides, but was unaffected by cover crop treatment. Late-season common cocklebur density and biomass increased in cereal rye treatments compared to non-cover crop treatments. Other field experiments were conducted at the same locations in 2017 through 2018 and 2018 through 2019 to determine the effect of cover crop species, termination timing, and chemical cover crop termination strategies on weed control and corn yield. Crimson cover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), cereal rye, and a cereal rye/crimson clover mix were terminated two weeks before, at, and two weeks after corn planting. All plots were terminated using glyphosate and atrazine, however others were also terminated with dicamba and acetochlor. The addition of acetochlor generally reduced early-season weed biomass or density, but not in cereal rye and cover crop mix treatments that were terminated at or after corn planting. Late-season summer annual grass biomass was reduced when cover crop biomass at termination was over 8000 kg ha-1. Late-season common cocklebur density in 2018 was 450% to 800% higher in cover crops containing cereal rye, compared to crimson clover treatments. Corn yield was reduced by 23% to 67% in cereal rye and cover crop mix treatments in two out of three site-years in 2018, however corn yield was not reduced by crimson clover in either year, nor by cereal rye or the cover crop mix in 2019.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».