Review of international 'best practice' cited in the NSW Green Paper on planning reforms
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Metropolitan governance structuresVancouver, Seattle and Portland also demonstrate successful governance structures, through both their engagement strategies and the delivery of their plans.They demonstrated that to be successful, delivery of strategic and metropolitan planning needs to be responsive to the community and led by elected representatives.In each of the three cases analysed, local government representatives were central in delivering metropolitan-wide goals and objectives.In Portland this was through an additional tier of directly elected officials, in Vancouver as an organisation of local government officials, and in Seattle through the state-government appointment of local officials to a regional body.This is in contrast to the Green Paper"s distancing of strategic planning from political processes and the establishment of forums like the CEO group, which lacks representation of community-elected officials. State government funding incentivesA fourth jurisdiction cited, the US state of Maryland, was a specific approach to state government intervention.It incentivised development within established urban footprints by limiting the provision of infrastructure subsidy to identified "priority funding areas".Although there is some merit to this approach, it may not translate to NSW where the state government provides limited subsidy across all development.This means it would have limited effect in redirecting development to more desirable locations, which could be more effectively achieved through traditional proscriptive planning interventions.There is no evidence in Marylandas seemed to be proposed in the Green Paperof using funding restrictions to encourage local governments to align local planning policies to metropolitan planning targets. Consolidated state government planning guidanceThe final jurisdiction cited was the UK, where recent reforms have led to a significant reduction in the scope of policy guidance from the central government: consolidated into the "National Planning Policy Framework".Again, there were parallels with the proposed reforms here, where state government planning policies are complex and opaque.However, the experience in the UK has been fraught with politicisation, with concern that a mismanaged devolution to local government, intended to make desired development more efficient, will actually lead to too few protections against inappropriate development.In all events, the NPPF has only been in place for six months, so cannot yet be considered "best practice".As is noted in the NSW Government"s own Stein Review, reducing the scope of central planning policies to the extent of the UK reform requires a strengthened local planning framework, and "is only feasible if there is a move away from state intervention in local government.
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Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,034 | 0,102 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,012 | 0,026 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,009 |
| Communication savante | 0,012 | 0,008 |
| Science ouverte | 0,005 | 0,009 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,006 | 0,010 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,024 | 0,007 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».