Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Snakes (Squamata: Serpentes) Herein, we report three potential cases of mutualistic interactions involving tarantulas sharing their retreats with snakes (Table 3). The first case was observed in Guerrero State of Mexico by the second author. While turning over large angular rocks lying on the ground in search of theraphosids, one rock was turned to expose the burrow of a large female Brachypelma boehmei Schmidt and Klaas, 1993 (Theraphosinae) standing mere centimetres away from a coiled Michoacán ground snake, Sonora michoacanensis (Duges, 1884) (Colubridae). No predation attempt was made by the tarantula on the snake. While preparing the camera to record this event, the exposed snake, approximately 30 cm in length, started to burrow into the soft soil surrounding the spider’s burrow (Figure 6F). The second and third observations are sourced from iNaturalist. One of them details an unidentified species of Phoneyusa Karsch, 1884 (Eumenophorinae) cohabiting with a ‘small blue snake’ in Banalia, Democratic Republic of the Congo. The other, from Texas, USA, describes Aphonopelma armada (Theraphosinae) cohabiting with a Texas blind snake, Rena dulcis Baird and Girard, 1853 (Leptotyphlopidae). Further observations and research are needed to better understand the dynamics and frequency of these cohabitations. Additionally, we report observations of tarantulas actively removing snakes from the vicinity of their burrows. In November 1993, RCW and WWL attempted to document a predation interaction between a large female Megaphobema velvetosoma and a Catesby’s snail-eater snake, Dipsas catesbyi (Sentzen, 1796) (Colubridae), for a wildlife photographer near the village of Nueve de Octubre on the Río Marañón, Loreto, Peru. The (Continued) (Continued) snake was released and approached the tarantula, which was lying in wait at the entrance of its ground retreat. The tarantula grabbed the snake with its chelicerae, causing the snake to expel an odorous liquid musk from its anal glands. The tarantula transported the uninjured snake approximately 50 cm away from the retreat entrance and then released it before returning to its retreat. This behaviour was repeated, with the tarantula again capturing, carrying, and releasing the snake, which appeared unharmed. To determine whether this behaviour was specific to the individual tarantula, a similar predation attempt was conducted with a different adult female M. velvetosoma, located earlier by a guide. The observed behaviour was consistent with the previous event, with the tarantula immediately grasping the snake, carrying it to the edge of the clearing in front of its ground retreat, and releasing it unharmed. We hypothesise that the odorous liquid expelled by the snake may render it unpalatable to these tarantulas, thereby providing a protective mechanism for the snake. Alternatively, the snake may simply not have represented suitable prey and the spider’s behaviour therefore involved mere removal from its burrow.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,031 | 0,006 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».