Development of Standard Test Methods for Assessing the Durability and Safety of Joule Heating Textiles
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Joule heating textiles, a category of e-textiles, is playing an important role in providing thermal comfort to the wearer, as well as serving novel purposes by providing heat therapy to medical patients. However, the lack of standardized testing methods for Joule heating textiles is a key barrier to their commercial growth. Availability of standard test methods for Joule heating textiles can safeguard product quality, regulate the end performance, sustain consistent performance, and ensure safety. Potential issues with heating textiles have been identified in terms of efficiency, safety, and durability. To solve this, research has been conducted at the University of Alberta in collaboration with CTT Group to develop a set of reliable and robust test methods. Work done as part of this study includes improvements of the test protocol previously developed to characterize the efficiency of heating textiles, for instance a copper plate temperature measurement device designed to reduce the variability in the measurement of the surface temperature of heterogeneous heating textiles. In addition, the research covered durability test methods corresponding to five factors associated with daily life that may reduce the lifespan of heating textiles: abrasion, laundering, perspiration, fatigue stretching and fatigue bending. An in-depth investigation was carried out on the topic of abrasion using a Martindale tester. The study used five types of Joule heating textiles corresponding to different textile structures encountered in commercial products – woven, plated knit, nonwoven, stitched, and inserted – to ensure the universality of the test method developed. The experimental work was conducted in two segments: a pretrial and a trial. In the pretrial, all five categories of heating textiles were subjected to abrasion until 20,000 abrasion cycles or any major loss in heating performance. The residual heating efficiency was calculated after each series of 1000 abrasion cycles. The results led to the selection of three series of abrasion cycles for the trial: 5000, 10,000, and 20,000. Based on the results obtained in the trial, four performance levels were proposed for the resistance of Joule heating textiles to abrasion. For the remaining four damaging conditions (laundering, perspiration, fatigue stretching and fatigue bending), test protocols and experimental plans have been proposed, including the selection of the test parameters based on realistic application scenarios, to guide the development of the corresponding test methods carried out in the future. In terms of safety, test protocols and experimental plans have been designed to characterize the propensity of heating textiles to short circuit generation and overheating. The developed test protocols will contribute to lifting some of the barriers that currently limit the growth of the e-textile industry.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,018 | 0,027 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,005 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,002 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».