What Will Motivate You To Travel After COVID-19?: The Effects of Online Social Identity, Social Comparison, Conspicuous Consumption, and Self-construal on Choosing a Tourist Destination
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Background: From the outset of the COVID-19 crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic had devastating impacts on the tourism industry. However, the number of tourists seemed to recover in the summer of 2021 and even surpassed 2019 arrivals. Tourism practitioners and marketers should better understand and predict new trends in the tourism industry and prepare for the post-COVID-19 era. A strong desire for “revenge tourism” was forecast by tourism observers, where tourism demand would sharply rebound after the exhausting and protracted period of lockdowns and travel restrictions. Recent research suggests that young adults (e.g., 18 to 34-year-olds) report higher social media usage compared to the pre-COVID-19 era, indicating that they may develop a higher level of online social identity. This new phenomenon could lead social media users to engage in increased social comparisons and conspicuous consumption, especially in tourism contexts. The psychosocial mechanism that ultimately leads to conspicuous consumption behavior was examined to comprehend the decision-making process and motivations for choosing particular tourist destinations. Objectives: The purpose of this research was to investigate if online social identity induces social comparisons among social media users and thus influences the decision-making process of choosing a tourist destination from the perspective of conspicuous consumption. This research also examined the possibility of tourists from different ethnic groups (i.e., East Asians and Westerners) being more subject to social comparisons and conspicuous consumption. Methods: To better understand tourists’ motivations to travel, two surveys were utilized to first identify the conspicuousness of international tourist destinations and then statistically analyze why tourists choose to visit the conspicuous destinations. Survey One was distributed to students and employees at the University of Alberta (N = 54) to determine the conspicuousness of each international tourist destination, and Survey Two was distributed to a new set of participants (N = 321) in Canada to measure the levels of online social identity, self-construal, social comparison, and conspicuous consumption. All the participants in this study belonged to the age cohorts of Millennials and Generation Z. Path analysis was used to analyze the psychosocial motivators that galvanize consumers into choosing a conspicuous tourist destination. Outcomes: Survey One showed that of the top 20 international tourist destinations, Paris, Dubai, and Rome were identified as the most conspicuous destinations, while Delhi, Denpasar, and Ho Chi Minh were found to be the least conspicuous destinations. Based on the findings in Survey Two, online social identity and the emotional outcomes generated by social comparison (i.e., benign envy and hubristic pride) played significant roles in galvanizing people into engaging in conspicuous consumption and intending to visit conspicuous destinations. Furthermore, materialistic hedonism and ostentation, which are the two dimensions of conspicuous consumption, had mediating effects on the relationship between the intention to visit international conspicuous destinations and its predictors. There was no significant difference in the level of intention to visit conspicuous destinations between East Asians and Westerners, although East Asians intended to visit inconspicuous destinations more than Westerners. Ethnicity moderated the relationship of the intention to visit international conspicuous destinations with the two dimensions of conspicuous consumption, interpersonal mediation and status demonstration. When East Asians engage in interpersonal mediation and status demonstration, they are more likely to intend to visit international conspicuous destinations than Western people. As a result, in the post-COVID-19 era, depending on each international destination’s level of conspicuousness, social media-based envy-and-pride-eliciting marketing strategies should be engaged to attract Millennials and Generation Z, which are the two age cohorts that are substantially influenced by social media.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,002 | 0,012 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».