Altitude of the top of the Lower Hell Creek aquifer in the Williston structural basin
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
These data were released prior to the October 1, 2016 effective date for the USGS’s policy dictating the review, approval, and release of scientific data as referenced in USGS Survey Manual Chapter 502.8 Fundamental Science Practices: Review and Approval of Scientific Data for Release. Note that this data release has been modified from its original version. This data release was originally published on the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Water Mission Area NSDI Node (Node) in 2014. The Node has since been deprecated, and in 2023, the data release was revised and the files were moved to Sciencebase, which is a USGS trusted digital repository. In 2023, when this migration of files to Sciencebase occurred, each unit extent and surface file for the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary aquifer systems was given its own landing page and citation. In 2025, the 2023 version of these data release were modified further. In the 2025 version, the extents, surfaces, and metadata files were consolidated into a main Sciencebase page, three child pages, and one citation. The 2025 Sciencebase’s main landing page contains a shapefile with the extents of the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary aquifer systems and the southern boundary of deposits of Quaternary age in the Williston and Powder River Structural Basins area. A child page was created for the Upper Cretaceous aquifer, Lower Tertiary aquifer, and the deposits of Quaternary age detailed in the associated publication (SIR2014_5047). The child pages for the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Tertiary aquifer systems provide the extents, thicknesses, and top altitude surfaces of the two aquifers and their subunits. The child page for the deposits of Quaternary age in the glaciated part of the Williston and Powder River Structural Basins area provide the extent and thickness of the deposits. A new master metadata file was compiled for each child page to document all the datasets. Raster datasets of thickness and top altitude are presented in two formats: ASCII and TIFF, in feet. The 2025 version of the data release was created to make the associated spatial data more accessible to the user and to simplify the ScienceBase catalog. This data release provides outcrop and subcrop extents and rasters of the top altitude and thickness in feet of the Lower Tertiary aquifer and its subunits (Lower Fort Union, Middle Fort Union, Upper Fort Union), the Upper Cretaceous aquifer and its subunits and base (Fox Hills, Lower Hell Creek, Upper Hell Creek, and the basal confining unit), and the extents and thicknesses of deposits of Quaternary age in the glaciated part of the Williston and Powder River structural basins in Montana, South Dakota, North Dakota, Wyoming, and parts of Canada.The shapefiles of potentiometric surface contours and rasters of horizontal hydraulic conductivity, which were developed as part of the original publication (Thamke and others, 2014), are not included in this data release but are available for download from http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/sir20145047. The abbreviations used in the data set names are listed below: Structural basins: 1. WB - Williston Basin 2. PRB - Powder River Basin Aquifer names: 1. LTRTRY - Lower Tertiary Aquifer 2. UPCTCS - Upper Cretaceous Aquifer Deposits of Quaternary age files: QTRNRY - Deposits of Quaternary age Data category: 1. Extents – polygon extent of aquifer or subunit 2. Thick – unit thickness 3. TopAlt – altitude of top surface of unit For each child item, files were organized by data category (extent, thickness, or top altitude) and compressed into a zip archive. Zip archives were named by the principal aquifer or Quaternary abbreviation and then by the data category for example LTRTRY_TopAlt.zip contains the top altitude raster surfaces for the Lower Tertiary Aquifer. The following is a list of Digital Object Identifiers (DOI), for the 2023 versions of the data sets. These DOI have been deprecated and superseded by this data release's DOI (doi:10.5066/P14X4XX2): doi:10.5066/P9IDDOQ1, doi:10.5066/P9IILS7S, doi:10.5066/P946VBV2, doi:10.5066/P9VM11PC, doi:10.5066/P92WNH4Z, doi:10.5066/P90O39NP, doi:10.5066/P9AU0US7, doi:10.5066/P95BLCXN, doi:10.5066/P9Y8751J, doi:10.5066/P9B5X3OK, doi:10.5066/P9A2NSK0, doi:10.5066/P9N9KZPO, doi:10.5066/P943JURD, doi:10.5066/P9XCCQK0, doi:10.5066/P9YT4LP1, doi:10.5066/P9O89YZM, doi:10.5066/P91ZYX07, doi:10.5066/P9UWVV9G, doi:10.5066/P9TMK1OR, doi:10.5066/P9T8PTLS, doi:10.5066/P9Q47D2U, doi:10.5066/P9G6MD3G, doi:10.5066/P92B4REF, doi:10.5066/P92MPNQX, doi:10.5066/P9R6XM7V, doi:10.5066/P9DGQ3VZ, doi:10.5066/P9WPATN3, doi:10.5066/P9XZZG9E, doi:10.5066/P97A695Z, doi:10.5066/P9XJN3D6, doi:10.5066/P9F1W7PD, doi:10.5066/P9B5HEAK, doi:10.5066/P914U0YY.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,012 | 0,003 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».