Assessment of Patients Knowledge of Tuberculosis Transmission Mode, Risk Factors and Drug Resistance in AL Anbar, Governorate, Iraq 2022-2023
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abstract: Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an airborne infectious disease caused by bacteria that mostly affects the lungs. It spreads through the air when infected people cough, sneeze, or spit. After COVID-19 TB is the second leading infectious killer and death worldwide. Our study assessed the patients’ knowledge of Tuberculosis transmission mode, Risk Factors, and drug resistance in the AL-Anbar Governorate. Methodology: A cross-sectional study design using a nonprobability sampling of (176) Tuberculosis patients registered at the Tuberculosis Health Center in Ramadi City-Iraq in 2022-2023. A questionnaire sheet was used, and a p-value of less than (0.05) was considered significant. Results: Ninety percent were over 40 years with a mean of 57±13.4. Most of them were males, married, and farmers. Less than a quarter (20%) with a family income<500,000 Iraqi dinar but more than half (68%) between (500,000 -750,000) Iraqi dinar monthly. (65%) of the total patients were old cases. Regarding the knowledge of the mode of transmission, more than a quarter said by crowding 51(29%) but less said by cough 40(23%), 32(18%) family history, 23(13%) direct contact, and (17%) didn’t know with a statistical significance with education. Regarding risk factors, less than half 70(40%) were smokers but more than a quarter 53(30%) had hypertension, and some of them 27(15%) had diabetes and the same percentage had renal diseases. For drug resistance, a small number of 25(14%) was reported as a secondary line resistant to isoniazid, most of them were males and more than a quarter were smokers. More than a quarter (29%) of the patients had extrapulmonary TB before the age of 50 years while 71% had it after 50 years old with a statistical significance with age. Conclusions: Middle-aged males with low income were most affected, a small number had secondary line resistance to isoniazid drug. There was a moderate knowledge of the transmission mode affected by education. The most common risk factors were smoking and hypertension. Keywords: Knowledge of Transmission Mode, Risk Factor, Drug Resistance. Title: Assessment of Patients Knowledge of Tuberculosis Transmission Mode, Risk Factors and Drug Resistance in AL Anbar, Governorate, Iraq 2022-2023 Author: B N Abdul-Fatah, H O Mashaan, A K Awad International Journal of Healthcare Sciences ISSN 2348-5728 (Online) Vol. 13, Issue 1, April 2025 - September 2025 Page No: 55-60 Research Publish Journals Website: www.researchpublish.com Published Date: 23-April-2025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15270442 Paper Download Link (Source) https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/assessment-of-patients-knowledge-of-tuberculosis-transmission-mode-risk-factors-and-drug-resistance-in-al-anbar-governorate-iraq-2022-2023
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».