Quality Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of the Fruit of Macadamia integrifolia Grown in Yunnan Province
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In order to ascertain the quality characteristics of macadamia nut from different regions and varieties in Yunnan so as to establish their comprehensive evaluation model. Thirty-five samples of macadamia nuts from 3 major production areas in Yunnan were selected to determine indicators of fruit characteristics and quality indexes including the composition and content of physicochemical, nutritional and functional components and amino acids in kernels. The quality of macadamia nuts was comprehensively evaluated by correlation analysis (FCOR), principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The results showed that there were significant differences in the fruit characteristics of 35 samples from different regions and varieties in Yunnan (P<0.05), and the single fruit weights of nut-in-husk, nut-in-shell and kernel were 13.85 g to 30.48 g, 5.92 g to 11.68 g, and 1.87 g to 3.75 g, respectively, the large fruit rates of nut-in-shell and kernel were 38.89% to 100.00% and 10.00% to 100.00%, respectively, and the rates of seed, kernel yield and defect kernel were 37.86% to 72.41%, 25.18% to 44.61%, and 1.67% to 17.00%, respectively. The large fruit rates of nut-in-shell and kernel of macadamia nut from Lincang producing areas in Yunnan were both highest, and the defect kernel rate of macadamia nut from Pu'er producing areas in Yunnan was highest, suggesting the necessity of strengthening orchard management. The results of variation analysis showed that 35 samples of macadamia nuts were rich in variation, the coefficient of variation ranging from 4.49% to 68.01%. The variation coefficient of contents of total phenol, polysaccharide, total sugar, kernel moisture and ash were all greater than 10%, which showed that there were significant differences between macadamia nuts samples. Seventeen kinds of amino acids were all detected in 35 samples of macadamia nuts, their medicinal amino acids accounted for 63.22% to 73.36% of the total amino acids with the largest proportions. Indicators used to evaluate the quality characteristics of macadamia nut were obtained by orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis method, which were contents of crude fat, seed rate, leucine, the large fruit rate of nut-in-shell, polysaccharide, histidine, total sugar, the single fruit weights of nut-in-shell, alanine, valine, threonine, tyrosine, aspartic acid, and the single fruit weights of kernel. The comprehensive quality evaluation model of macadamia nuts was established by principal component analysis, which showed that the samples with the best comprehensive quality were respectively Pu'er 'HVA4', Baoshan 'Nanya No.3', Baoshan 'HAES246', Baoshan 'HVA16' and Pu'er 'Own Choice' in 35 samples of macadamia nuts. The results of this study can provide important reference for breeding of new varieties, variety screening of processed products and quality control of macadamia nuts.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».