Defining Personal Recovery of Women with Mental Health Disorders in Custody Settings: A Rapid Review

Recovery is defined by principles such as the primacy of the individual, support in the journey toward a fulfilling life, hope, and the sense of being valued and respected (Governement du Quebec, 2022). The concept of recovery for individuals with mental health disorders has been the subject of numerous studies over the past decades (Llewellyn-Beardsley et al., 2019; van Weeghel et al., 2019). Several theoretical models have emerged from this literature; however, the CHIME model appears to be the one that has gained consensus within academic and clinical circles (van Weeghel et al., 2019). According to the authors of the CHIME model, personal recovery is a process comprising five domains, each of which includes several elements related to the same theme. These domains are connectedness, hope and optimism about the future, identity, meaning in life, and empowerment (Leamy et al., 2011). However, some researchers argue that the CHIME model needs to be adapted for specific subgroups. While CHIME has been found to be relevant in various subpopulations, additional components may need to be incorporated to better reflect the recovery process for individuals in specific contexts (e.g., those hospitalized in forensic settings) or those with personal characteristics (e.g., individuals with severe mental health disorders) that could present additional barriers to recovery (Senneseth et al., 2022; Stuart et al., 2015). One such subgroup facing additional recovery constraints is women with mental health disorders in closed settings, whether in detention or forensic environments. Indeed, gender-related factors and the context of detention may further hinder their recovery. In addition to dealing with a coercive environment where dignity is sometimes violated, these women face services originally designed for men that fail to meet their specific needs (Bright et al., 2022; de Vogel & Nicholls, 2016; Heilbrun et al., 2008; Nicholls et al., 2014). To the best of our knowledge, no literature review has yet been conducted to better understand how women with mental health disorders in closed settings define their recovery. Therefore, it is imperative to gather this literature in order to develop a definition that is specific to their experiences. Objective The aim of this rapid review is to gather existing literature on the definitions and conceptualizations of personal recovery for women with mental health disorders in custody settings, such as detention or forensic environments. Inclusion Criteria Population: o Adult women o Mental health disorders o Incarcerated or in forensic settings Interest: o At least one element of the definition or conceptualization of personal recovery Context: o Incarceration or forensic settings Outcomes: o Recovery Time: o Time: From 1990 to the present Geography: Global Language: Publications in English or French Type of studies:  Qualitative, quantitative, or mixed methods  Peer-reviewed publications  Primary data Exclusion Criteria • Secondary data publications, conference posters, and presentation abstracts • Publications where the data was collected from a mixed sample and it is impossible to identify the perspectives of women Search Method Databases: o PubMed o PsycINFO o CINAHL o Google Scolar Other methods to identify relevant publications: o Search through the references of articles found Review Method Screening and Inter-rater Agreement: The screening of articles will be conducted in two stages using the Covidence software. First, articles will be screened based on their title and abstract, then the selected articles will undergo a full-text review. At each stage, the screenings will be conducted by two reviewers working independently. Agreement and disagreements will be discussed by the two reviewers until consensus is reached. The double screening process will be completed when a Cohen’s Kappa of at least 0.9 is achieved. Following this, the first author will complete the screening alone. Quality Assessment: o Qualitative studies: Relevance, Appropriateness, Transparency, and Soundness (RATS) o Quantitative studies: Newcastle-Ottawa Scale Data Extraction: Data will be extracted using a pre-designed Excel sheet to capture the relevant information for this review. The information will be coded by the first author. Data Analysis: A thematic synthesis will be used to analyze the data.

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