オゾン層保護のためのモントリオール議定書における国際協力の枠組

The 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer is the first international agreement with legally binding obligations on the Contracting Parties to control emissions of substances that are harmful to the global environment. It was born and evolved under the framework of the 1985 Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer， and diversified and strengthened control measures to phase out the production and consumption of the ozone depleting substances. Over the decade since the Protocol entered into force， an effective framework for international cooperation has been established among those concerned with the protection of the ozone layer including representatives of States， international organizations， world scientific and academic commuinities and enterprises as well as non-governmental and environmental organizations. This international cooperation has successfully developped on the basis of consensual interactions among the participants ， thanks to a sophisticated decision-making procedure. It resulted in the clear identification of a common agenda and objectives to be addressed by the Meeting of the. Contracting Parties and the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund for the implementation of the Protocol. Although the institutional and regulatory mechanisms of the Protocol are adequate， in view of the sizeable quantity of ozone depleting substances yet to be phased out in developing countries， the continued involvement of all these countries and their deeper commitment with respect to the implementation of the control measures will be the key to the recovery of the ozone layer in the decades ahead. Based on the analysis of the asymmetrical compliance obligations of the developing countries and the developed countries under the Protocol as well as the voluntary nature of the latter's contributions to the financial mechanism under the Multilateral Fund， the author points out potential problems in the functioning of the protocol arising out of the inherent weakness of the compliance system which relies so heavily on the financial mechanism. This weakness may adversely affect the continued implementation of the phase-out measures unless more stable and predictable flows of financial and technological resources are secured for the developing countries.

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