Antidepressant effects of bupropion, varenicline, nicotine replacement therapy, and placebo in tobacco users.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most common psychiatric conditions, affecting around 20.6% of adults in the United States. It is characterized by a persistent low mood and/or a loss of interest in normally pleasurable activities. MDD can also lead to changes in appetite, sleep difficulties, fatigue, trouble concentrating, feelings of guilt, and thoughts of suicide. Additionally, people with depression often smoke cigarettes at higher rates and have a greater risk of becoming dependent on nicotine. The EAGLES trial was the largest randomized clinical trial to date exploring smoking cessation treatments for people with psychiatric conditions, including MDD. The trial evaluated the comparative safety and efficacy of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine replacement therapies. Varenicline (Champix/Chantix) is a non-nicotine-based medication used for smoking cessation. It provides relief from craving and withdrawal symptoms and diminishes the pleasurable sensation derived from smoking. Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban) is an ‘atypical’ antidepressant that is also used for smoking cessation. It is known to act on two neurotransmitters called noradrenaline and dopamine, but its mechanism of action is not fully understood. Nicotine replacement therapies are alternative sources of nicotine (e.g. gum, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, sublingual tablets) that are used to reduce cravings and ease withdrawal symptoms. These three treatments were found to be well-tolerated and effective for helping the EAGLES trial participants quit smoking. In addition to the main analyses, several sub-analyses have been conducted, focusing on how well the treatments worked within specific groups of participants with different psychiatric conditions, most recently in MDD. Our project aims to build upon these findings by investigating the differential antidepressant effects of these three treatments compared to a placebo (any treatment that has no active properties, such as a sugar pill). Based on the already-published EAGLES trial data, we hypothesize that none of the trial's treatments will show significantly better antidepressant effects than placebo. This finding would be significant, since bupropion is an evidenced-based treatment for depression itself. To test our main hypothesis, we will use a statistical model (called “Mixed Effects Model”) that can account for individual variations in depression outcomes over time while also establishing whether or not there are differences between the three treatment groups compared to the placebo group. Our results will be valuable for physicians and researchers aiming to better understand the antidepressant effects of bupropion, in relation to other evidence-based treatments for tobacco use disorder, in a sample of smokers. We plan to publish our findings in a peer-reviewed scientific article and present any significant results at relevant academic conferences, such as the Canadian Psychiatric Association annual meeting.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».