Simulation of the Global Coupled Climate/Ice Sheet System over Millennial Timescales
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Ice sheets are important components of the Earth system that are expected to respond strongly to anthropogenic forcing of climate. The aim of this work is to use numerical climate and ice sheet modelling to identify and understand the millennial-scale interaction between the Antarctic and Greenland Ice Sheets (AIS and GIS) and global climate. An initial modelling effort evaluated the response of ice shelves and ice sheets to future CO2 emission scenarios by quantifying the duration and magnitude of summer melt periods. A temperature threshold based on positive degree days was applied to bias-corrected University of Victoria Earth System Climate Model (UVic ESCM) output spanning 1000 years into the future. The simulations indicated that an increase in summer melting over most of the GIS, the Ross and Ronne-Filchner ice shelves, and large sections of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (where little present-day ablation occurs) could occur if future emissions are not curtailed. This initial work highlighted the need to assess the dynamic response of ice sheets to climate change. I therefore developed an ice sheet/climate model comprised of the UVic ESCM and the Pennsylvania State University Ice Sheet Model. Coupling these models required development of new techniques, including subgrid-scale energy balance calculations that incorporate a surface air temperature (SAT) model bias correction procedure. In testing the model, I found that climate model SAT bias, meltwater refreezing and albedo variations play an important role in simulated ice sheet evolution, particularly as more of the ice surface experiences melting conditions. The model realistically reproduced the AIS and GIS, and captured the surface mass balance (SMB) distributions for both ice sheets well for the present day, including narrow GIS ablation zones. The newly developed model was used to carry out a suite of experiments designed to assess the behavior of the GIS under elevated-CO2 conditions. A deglacial SMB-based GIS stability threshold was identified between 3-4x preindustrial atmospheric levels (PAL) of CO2. Below the threshold, GIS retreat still occurred but the ice ultimately stabilized in a ‘reduced ice sheet’ configuration, while at CO2 >= 4x PAL CO2, ice retreated to mountain ice caps. Ice sheet inception simulations indicated that above 4x PAL CO2, ice growth was limited, while at 4x PAL CO2 ice was able to reach the eastern Greenland coastline. Between 2-3x PAL CO2, separate ice caps in the southern and eastern mountains coalesced and exported ice onto the lowland plains. Large-scale ice sheet growth was limited until 1-2x PAL CO2. GIS ice loss increased with greater cumulative CO2 emissions in transient simulations. However, the ice sheet was able to briefly overshoot the CO2 stability threshold without experiencing drastic ice retreat due to the long response time of the simulated GIS relative to the rate of deep ocean carbon uptake. Finally, several model experiments were carried out using the coupled model to examine the impact of ocean melt-driven AIS retreat on the oceanic circulation and structure. This retreat produced freshwater fluxes to the Southern Ocean that were of the same magnitude (and initially greater) than the background continental flux, and continued for 3000 years after the initial shift to high-melt conditions. The Ross and Weddell Seas became productive sea ice export regions, which resulted in higher salinities in these seas and very low ocean temperatures. Enhanced sea ice export and melt in the open Southern Ocean contributed to a slight shallowing and weakening of the North Atlantic Deepwater circulation cell, that would reinforce predicted trends expected as a result of future anthropogenic CO2 emissions.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».