Social reactions to emergencies and illnesses: identifying the validity of EMS calls.
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
INTRODUCTION: Poland’s healthcare systems is based on insurance and universal and equal access. The first component of the system is primary healthcare. At night and on holidays, the medical help can be obtained by means of After Hours Medical Services. Private paid visits can also be arranged. In emergencies, and cases of risk to health or life, emergency medical team can be called at 112 or 999, or a patient can go to the hospital emergency department (ED) on their own. There are also pharmacies where selected over-the-counter medicines can be bought. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the first quarter of 2023 using a proprietary questionnaire with 5 sociodemographic questions and 20 case descriptions for which the participants indicated the type of medical help which they would use. The expert panel prepared a set of cases (accidents and illnesses), taking into account patient’s age and gender, time of day and working days and holidays when the incident occurred. The group of participants was selected using the snowball sampling method. The results were subjected to statistical analysis using nonparametric tests, the Spearman’s rho test and the Wilcoxon test. The used significance level was p<0.05. RESULTS: The study comprised 233 participants (166 females and 66 males). The mean age was 25 years (SD ± 9.50). A significant correlation was showed between the decision made and the gender in case of stroke occurring on a weekday (p=0.042); stroke symptoms on a holiday (p=0.024); head injury in a child (p=0,024); chest pain in an adult (p=0.009), and also the place of residence in case of an infection in a child (p=0.008). The decision was also influenced by education in case of chest pain in an adult (p=0.048); stroke (p=0.046) and sudden weakness (p=0.009). Also performing a medical profession correlated with the decision in case of arterial hypertension (p=0.028) and chest pain (p=0.010) in adults. The type of day (working/holiday) and the time of day were also analysed, revealing statistical differences depending on the type and time of day for infection in a child (p<0.000 in each comparison); working day and holiday for abdominal pain (p=0.000), stroke (p=0.023), diarrhea (p<0.000) and weakness (p<0.000), and also depending on the time of day in arterial hypertension (p<0.000); however, no differences were found in case of chest pain depending on the time of day(p=0.073). CONCLUSIONS: Emergency medical teams are called both in urgent cases, such as stroke or chest pain, and also in cases that do not require an immediate responses, such as diarrhea or weakness. Solutions need to be sought which would provide information what healthcare system units should be used in specific situations. The EMTs are called more often during the day on weekdays than at night or on holidays. The ambulance service responds most often in emergency cases such as convulsions, stroke or chest pain, but a significant number of calls is related to cases of weakness or arterial hypertension where the medical help should be sought in other healthcare units.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,018 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».