Design and analysis of hybrid power system and IoT SCADA system for remote sites
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In many developing countries, fossil fuels remain the primary energy source for power generation due to their relative affordability and availability. However, this reliance on fossil fuels significantly con-tributes to CO₂ emissions and environmental issues, such as floods driven by climate change. Addition-ally, the cost of power generation from fossil fuels is often high, posing economic challenges. Therefore, there is an urgent need to transition towards renewable energy sources, which offer a more sustainable and cost-effective solution. To address this issue, the design and analysis of hybrid power systems for remote sites have been carried out in Pakistan. These sites are in isolated areas without access to electricity and other infrastructure, where power is generated by burning fossil fuels. This practice is a significant source of CO₂ emissions and contributes to flooding. The aim is to integrate renewable energy sources, such as solar energy, with traditional generators to mitigate emissions and enhance energy access in remote sites in Pakistan. The system is designed using a DC-DC converter, Maximum Power Point Tracking, LCL filter, and a DC-AC inverter. Utilizing software tools like PVsyst 7.4 and HOMER Pro-3.18.1 the study evaluates system sizing, energy consumption patterns, sensitivity analysis, and optimization strategies tailored to site-specific data. The analysis of connected and peak loads demonstrates the system’s promise of providing reliable electricity with minimal environmental impact. The estimated capital cost and energy generation per unit underscore its economic feasibility. Dynamic modeling of the proposed hybrid power system has been performed using MATLAB R2023b, and validation through Hardware in the Loop examines the system’s behavior in response to variations in solar irradiance and temperature, offering insights into operational efficiency and reliability. For monitoring and control, an Internet of Things-based Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system has been developed. Utilizing Blynk alongside Arduino Nano, GSM SIM800L, and ESP-32, the system integrates essential components like ZMPT101B voltage sensor, ACS712 current sensors, MPPT for optimizing power output, a relay, battery bank, buck converter, and PV panels. Operating on both GSM and Wi-Fi, it ensures seamless data transfer. Data transmission between Arduino Nano, GSM SIM800L, and ESP-32 employs Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART) serial communication protocols, programmed in Arduino IDE 1.8.19 using C++. As an open-source SCADA platform, it enables remote load management via the Blynk app and console, compatible with Android and iOS, using Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) and Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) protocols for data exchange. Real-world testing validated its reliability across GSM and Wi-Fi networks, demonstrating robust performance in rural environments. Live data monitoring and control through the Blynk app showcased its capabilities. With a budget-friendly cost of CAD 35.52 and mini-mal power consumption at 3.462 W, this approach underscores IoT's potential to enhance efficiency and user engagement within renewable energy management systems. The thesis demonstrates that the designed hybrid power system is economically feasible, reliable, and safe, which will help reduce carbon emissions and provide low-cost electricity.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».