Development And Characterization Of Biocomposites From Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB)/ Polylactic Acid (PLA) Filled With Agricultural Residue
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Abundant agricultural residues such as corncob are promising for making polymeric composites. Due to its capacity to replicate complicated shapes and geometries while maintaining outstanding mechanical qualities, three-dimensional (3D) printing has become a popular method for quick prototype development and manufacture. In order to create low-cost bio-polymer composites from a largely underutilized corncob biomass, this study investigates the potentials of employing this agricultural residue as filler material and to ultimately promote environmental sustainability. This is in-line with the drive for improved biomaterials as Canada anticipates banning single use non-degradable plastics by 2030.\nA manufacturing procedure was developed for producing affordable polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) / polylactic acid (PLA) - corncob (PHB/PLA-CC) composite filaments for 3D printers. Test samples were made by blending generic PHB and PLA pellets in the percentage ratio of 55%:45% (PHB:PLA) w/w and, subsequently, corncob powder with an average particle size of 25.48 µm and particle density of 2.91 g/cm3 was added as a filler at varying weight percentages (wt.%) of 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8. The composite mix was extruded using a Filabot single screw extruder to produce a fused filament for 3D-printing having a consistent diameter of 2.85 mm. These filaments were tested under tensile loading until fracture to establish the tensile properties. Subsequently, the filaments were made into mechanical tensile test samples (dog bones), flexural test samples as well as Charpy impact test samples and tested. \nResults showed that the tensile strength of both the filament and dog bone samples, flexural strength and Charpy impact toughness of the composites all reduced with increase in filler loading. However, the tensile and flexural modulus of all samples tested showed a significant improvement with increasing filler loading. SEM analysis revealed that the cellulose content and grinding of the filler particles gave rise to dense, slightly elongated sheet-like shapes for the filler particles. The fractured surfaces of the composite samples displayed flat and cleavage features for pure polymer blends but turned rougher and jagged as filler loading increased. The fractured surface of Charpy impact samples tested at cryogenic temperatures showed smoother morphology compared to those tested at room temperature. Modulus generally improved as filler loading is increased, with best results mostly at 6 wt.% filler loading. The results show this is a promising composite filament material for 3D printing applications.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».