The effects of timbre on harmonic interval tuning and perception
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In Western music, temperament grants ease of performance and listening especially when it comes to harmony, whose multiplicity is built upon instrument intonation. However, our fluid perception allows other aspects of music such as timbre, blend and sensory dissonance to affect intonation. This thesis investigates how musicians perceive and compensate for the interacting effects of timbre, blend and sensory dissonance when tuning and rating harmonic intervals. The first two experiments involved an interval-tuning task and the third experiment involved a perceptual rating task for the unison, minor second, major third, tritone, perfect fifth, major sixth, minor seventh and octave. A different sample of twenty musically trained subjects participated in each experiment. In Experiment 1, participants tuned the upper note of an isolated harmonic dyad. Six timbre pairs comprised of the harpsichord, piano, clarinet and flute were chosen to reflect low to high blend. In Experiment 2, participants tuned the lower and upper note of an isolated harmonic dyad. Stimuli consisted of twelve pairs based on combinations of the harpsichord, trumpet, vibraphone and flute, chosen based on brightness and playing mechanism. In Experiment 3, participants rated all of the stimuli from Experiments 1 and 2 on three continuous scales representing subjective measures of auditory roughness, blend and pleasantness. Overall results showed lower tuning accuracy from equal temperament for musically consonant intervals regardless of pair, but higher tuning variability for musically dissonant intervals. Findings in relation to pairs with the flute and harpsichord supported previous research on increased distance in a timbre space suggesting decreased blend (Kendall and Carterette, 1993). Significant order differences in tuning were found mostly in relation to the pairs with the harpsichord as one of its instruments at consonant intervals. Musicians favoured interval contraction when tuning harpsichord pairs if the harpsichord was playing the upper note and interval expansion if it was playing the lower note, regardless of the instrument playing the note that was being tuned. Findings from Experiment 3 suggest that instrument assignment to upper and lower notes does not affect perceptual judgments of the overall timbre of a harmonic interval, but does affect the tuning of such intervals. Roughness and pleasantness ratings depended on the inclusion of the trumpet (rough, unpleasant) or vibraphone (smooth, pleasant), whereas blend ratings depended on whether or not instrument pairs had similar or different playing mechanisms. These perceptual ratings were not correlated with the tuning deviations found in Experiments 1 and 2. Further research with a wider variation in timbre combinations will need to be conducted to explore whether or not these tuning differences are particular to the harpsichord due to its overall timbre, or due to a combination of its timbral properties that can be generalized to other instruments.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,007 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».