A MULTI-SCALE ANALYSIS OF NORTHERN GOSHAWK HABITAT IN ONTARIO
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The northern goshawk (Accipiter gentilis) has been identified as a potential indicator of sustainable forest management by a number of state and provincial jurisdictions across North America, including Ontario. However, little is known about northern goshawk habitat use in Ontario. This thesis examined northern goshawk habitat using a multi-scale approach. Within the study, goshawk habitat was examined from the nest-tree scale through to the multiple home ranges, and even at the provincial scale. Examination of the micro-scale nesting habitat use revealed that goshawks in central Ontario preferred to nest in a hardwood tree (specifically aspen), and more importantly in trees that were significantly larger than those in the immediate vicinity. Goshawks also selected certain forest-types and avoided others. The nesting areas were characterized as well-stocked with larger (sawlog) trees and fewer small (polewood) trees, a high canopy closure, and a low shrub and ground cover. Goshawk occupancy rates did not differ for those locations with partial timber harvesting and those without. I further examined habitat use at the landscape scale. The composition and configuration of habitat in this portion of the study was examined at 7 spatial scales and multiple forest habitat classifications (including habitat defined for 3 prey species and for northern goshawks). The cumulative effect of parti al-timber harvesting only started to have a negative influence on goshawk nest occupancy at the 50-ha spatial scale, and was most influential at the 170-ha scale. Examining these multiple scales helped identify a potential threshold for goshawk occupancy of harvesting not evident at the micro-scale. I evaluated two untested goshawk habitat suitability models (HSMs) for their ability to predict known goshawk nest locations. Revisions were as analyzed and new goshawk HSM for central Ontario was iii proposed. Goshawk habitat use in Southern Ontario was also examined because the fragmented nature of this forest region compared the relatively contiguous forest cover of central Ontario examined previously in this study. Nest locations in southern Ontario still generally required continuously closed forest of 12 to 24 ha for nesting areas. However, at the broader-scale, home-range scaled buffer areas seemed to only require 20 to 30% of the area be closed forest coverage. The southern Ontario results also supported a finding from landscape analysis in central Ontario, that goshawks can tolerate a fragmented habitat, with various mean patch sizes and number of patches at the home-range scale.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».