Performance improvement of photocurable methacrylate resins with fillers for custom-fit earphones
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Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Custom-fit earphones are an emerging class of wearable technology composed of a malleable prepolymer resin.The earphones are molded during a 60 second curing process to the exact shape of one's ear, delivering a snug fit.The resin is composed of a mixture of methacrylates, cured into a photocurable thermoset, similar to dental composites.Enclosed in the earphones are blue LEDs (=470 nm) which initiates curing.Two key issues were identified.Photopolymerization is highly exothermic, making the process unsafe for users.The cured resin also exhibits volumetric shrinkage resulting in poor resin-sleeve adhesion.This study aims at developing the ideal prepolymer mixture: one that has a low temperature increase (exotherm) and minimal shrinkage while maintaining high mechanical strength and degree of cure (conversion).Exotherms were determined by a customized apparatus used to cure the resin while recording temperature.With the help of a 3D printer, parts were constructed and used as the sample holder that had the same volume as an ear sleeve.The rest of the apparatus consisted of blue LED arrays, LCD display, thermocouple, a microcontroller, and MATLAB interface.Volumetric shrinkage was determined using density measurement via Archimedes method and pycnometry.Material strength was determined using tensile tests.Degree of cure was determined via vinyl conversion using FT-IR spectroscopy.The monomers diurethane dimethacrylate (UDMA), urethane acrylate methacrylate (UAM), bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate (BisGMA) and bisphenol A dimethacrylate (BisDMA) were used as the main monomer in conjunction with crosslinkers 1,6-hexanediol dimethacrylate (HDDMA), trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TMPTMA).Results showed high exotherm for crosslinkers (>27.3C).Replacing small molecule crosslinkers with oligomeric crosslinkers such as poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDMA) showed less pronounced exotherms.BisGMA:PEGDA in a 1:2 ratio resulted in an exotherm of 19.3C and was used as the baseline for filler introduction.Inorganic fillers including fumed silica (FS), silica gel (SG), and commercial ground silica MIN-U-SIL US 5 (m) and 15 (m) silica were pre-treated and mixed with the baseline resin at several loadings.FS/resin blends showed a decreased exotherm (13.6C at 25% wt.) while SG/resins blends showed an increased exotherm (30.0C at 25 wt.%).All filled samples had lower volumetric shrinkage compared to the baseline (5.1%).Degree of cure increased with filler loading for FS (40% at 25 wt.%) and SG (40% at 25 wt.%)) and remained neutral for the rest compared to the baseline (28%).FS and SG filled resins had tensile
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle