Spatial and temporal variability in the geochemistry of the sediments at the Main Endeavour Field, Juan de Fuca Ridge
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Résumé
Sediments near hydrothermal vents are enriched in metals derived directly from hydrothermal fluids (e.g., Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn) and those associated with scavenging and co-precipitation from seawater with hydrothermally derived Fe-sulfides and Fe-oxyhydroxide minerals (e.g., P, V, Co, Mo, As, REEs). The sediments surrounding active venting have high concentrations of these elements which decrease with distance from the vents due to both hydrothermal plume dilution with seawater and sedimentation of hydrothermal particles. The composition of hydrothermal sediments from the Main Endeavour Field on the Juan de Fuca Ridge, approximately 300 km off the coast of Vancouver Island, was determined using samples collected in sediment traps at three locations along a transect below the hydrothermal plume. These traps were deployed on-axis, 3 km, and 9 km off-axis allowing the spatial variability of the hydrothermal component of the sediments to be assessed. The chemical composition and mass accumulation rates of the hydrothermal component is governed by particle formation in the near vent region and is controlled by particle settling rates with distance from active venting. The concentration and mass accumulation rate of the hydrothermal component of the sediment decreases rapidly with distance, with an order of magnitude decrease between the on-axis and 3 km off axis sediment trap samples, and a further 1-2 orders of magnitude decrease from 3 km off axis to 9 km off axis. \nSediment trap samples are also used to create a high-resolution time series of hydrothermal sedimentation over the course of the approximately year sampling period, with each on-axis sample collecting 21 days of sediment and each off-axis sample collecting 12 days of sediment. These samples allowed for an initial assessment of the temporal variation in the chemical composition and mass accumulation rate of the hydrothermal sediment. The variability observed in the hydrothermal component mass accumulation rate suggests that physical oceanographic processes (e.g., flow reversal) impacts the rate of sedimentation. \nThe base of a 50 cm sediment core, collected 2.6 km northwest of the Main Endeavour Field, was dated at ~6,000 years and a high-resolution geochemical reconstruction is used to determine how the hydrothermal component has changed on a 100–1000 year time scale. The comparison of the sediment core to fresh sediment collected by the sediment traps is used to understand how post-depositional changes affect the composition of the hydrothermal component preserved in sediment, as well as the utility of some elements, such as Mn, in reconstructing paleo-hydrothermal sedimentation.
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Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,006 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découle