Use of tire shred-sand mixtures as backfill material for mechanically stabilized earth retaining walls
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Enormous quantities of waste tires are generated annually in all countries around the world. Efforts have been made to find applications for scrap tires in various industries. As a result, over the last few years there has been increased use of scrap tires in a variety of applications. One of the applications of scrap tires in civil engineering is in their use as a lightweight backfill material for mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls, where the shredded tires are mixed with sand. This has been shown to have several advantages, including lower vertical stress on weak foundation soils, lower horizontal pressures on the wall and good drainage properties. For tire shred-sand mixtures to be used as backfill material for MSE walls, their geotechnical properties need to be estimated. The pullout resistance of reinforcements embedded in tire shred-sand mixtures and the shear strength characteristics of the mixtures need to be determined. Conventional testing equipment proved to be unsuitable due to their small sizes relative to the size of the tire shreds. In this study, large-scale laboratory pullout tests were performed on reinforcement ladders embedded in mixtures prepared with tire shreds (size: 50-100 mm in length) and Ottawa sand. The pullout tests were performed at various mixing ratios (0:100, 20:80, 25:75, 35:75 and 45:55 by weight of tire shreds to sand) and confining pressures (40, 65 and 90 kPa). Large-scale direct shear tests were performed on tire shred-sand mixtures at mixing ratios of 20:80 and 35:65 by weight of tire shreds to sand. The results from the pullout tests showed that the pullout capacity of reinforcement ladders was higher in tire shred-sand mixtures than in pure sand. This can be attributed to the interlocking of tire shreds in the grids of the reinforcement ladder, thus providing higher passive resistance against pullout compared to that of pure sand. The pullout capacity increased with increases in the confining pressure at all mixing ratios. At a given confining pressure, increases in the tire shred content in the mixture typically resulted in higher pullout resistance. According to the results from the large-scale direct shear tests, critical-state friction angles of 30.1° and 32.0° and peak friction angles of 31.0° and 32° were obtained for tire shred-sand mixtures prepared at mixing ratios equal to 20:80 and 35:65 by weight of tire shreds to sand, respectively. When the results of the large-scale direct shear tests were plotted with a nonzero cohesive intercept, c-phi fitting parameters of 14.5 kPa and 27.1° and 10.3 kPa and 29.6° were obtained for tire shred-sand mixtures prepared at mixing ratios of 20:80 and 35:65 by weight of tire shreds to sand, respectively.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».