Detecting wild fish and zooplankton near fish \nfarms during and after fallow periods in Southern \nNewfoundland
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
From November 2016 until September 2017, acoustic Doppler current profilers \nwere deployed in two neighboring bays in Southern Newfoundland, East Bay and \nCinq Island Bay. We set out to determine the in \nuences that aquaculture had on \nwild fish abundance in the ecosystem during fallow periods. Fallow periods describe \nthe times when farms were not stocked with fish. It was hypothesized that during a \ntime where a fish farm was newly inactive there would be a different abundance of \nwild fish nearby than during a time when the farm was active. In our study, both \nEast Bay and Cinq Island Bay were fallow prior to November until June/July of the \nfollowing year. After that time, fish farms were restocked with Atlantic Salmon. The \nacoustic Doppler current profilers were configured to collect data without the typical \naveraging of acoustic pings into ensemble averages. This processing allowed for the in- \nstruments to act as fish detecting sonars. We calculated volume backscatter strength, \nfish counts, fish depths and target strengths of detected fish. Fish schools and diur- \nnal migration patterns occurred frequently and on some occasions, high backscatter \nintensities persisted for several hours. Depths of fish appeared to be similar during \nNovember, December, January, March and April. Summer months of June, July, Au- \ngust and September had opposing depth distributions. In Summer months, there were \nfish primarily at shallow depths and in Winter months fish were primarily at deeper \ndepths. Summarizing the entirety of the time series resulted in depths distributions \nthroughout the entire water column in East Bay suggesting that diel vertical migrat- \ning species were commonly present. In contrast to this, Cinq Island Bay showed fish \nprimarily at 50 meters, indicating that a different fish species frequented this area. Similar results from target strength distributions suggested two species or behaviors \npresent in East Bay and one species present in Cinq Island Bay. Shifts of fish types \nor behaviors in East Bay occurred during the same time periods as the beginning \nof fish farm activity and also the start of the Summer season. Both bays displayed \nconcurrent increased fish counts in January and May with a larger wild fish abun- \ndance in East Bay than in Cinq Island Bay. The amount of fish in both bays differed \nduring and after fallow periods which coincided with seasonal changes. Because of \nthis timing, distinguishing the effects of fallow periods from seasonal changes was not \npossible. This study demonstrates the value of using acoustic monitoring methods \nfor collecting data from aquaculture sites. Altering future studies to include longer \ntime series, simultaneous fish sampling and multiple acoustic Doppler current profil- \ners in each bay could provide additional important data that may lead to concrete \nconclusions about aquaculture in \nuences on wild fish species.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».