Effect of wood-based biochar on soil quality, small fruit yield and quality in southern Quebec, Canada
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The small fruit market (grapes, strawberries, blueberries and raspberries) is valued at more than $100 million per year in Quebec, Canada. Farmers seek to produce small fruits with high yield and quality. Wood-based biochar could be used as a soil amendment to improve soil quality, which may promote small fruit growth. The objectives of this research were to (1) determine if wood-based biochar can increase the yield and quality of grape, strawberry, blueberry and raspberry in southern Quebec, (2) present a simple evaluation system to compare fruit quality in biochar plots versus control plots, and (3) determine if wood-based biochar application resulted in a long-term improvement of soil physical and chemical properties in a vineyard in southern Quebec. It was hypothesized that wood-based biochar will boost the yield of grape, strawberry, blueberry and raspberry, and improve quality parameters like average fruit weight, fruit firmness, colour, juice pH, total soluble solids (TSS), total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity, for optimal fruit quality. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that that soil physical and chemical quality improvements will be detectable several years after applying wood-based biochar. The field trials for grapes, strawberries, blueberries and raspberries were established on commercial farms in southern Quebec. Plots received biochar (n=5 per site) and no biochar (n=5 per site) in April to May 2013. Small fruit yield was assessed throughout the fruit harvest period and samples were collected during September to October 2013 for fruit quality evaluation. Soil samples were collected from the vineyard in July 2018 to assess the long-term impact of wood-based biochar on soil quality. Average fruit weight of strawberry was significantly (P<0.05) greater with the wood-based biochar application, possibly due to plant-available nutrients supplied by biochar, but there was no effect of biochar on the yield or quality of other small fruits. Grapes and raspberries had good fruit quality, similar to published ranges, in both biochar-amended and control plots. Strawberry TSS and TPC values were suboptimal due to cold weather condition and air exposure during fruit storage. Large blueberry fruit size in biochar-amended and control plots suggests that the crop should be profitable when sold as fresh blueberry. Among soil physico-chemical properties, only soil bulk density, extractable magnesium (Mg) and extractable boron (B) concentrations were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the application of wood-based biochar applied five years earlier. Wood-based biochar application rates were considered to be too low to affect the small fruits growth, but still contributed to alleviate soil compaction by reducing soil bulk density and reduce nutrient loss by absorbing some nutritive elements (e.g., Mg and B) after five years. Overall, wood-based biochar is not expected to be an effective soil amendment to improve small fruit yield and quality in southern Quebec, Canada.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».