The impact of mining activities on the pedosphere and a critical evaluation of bioaccumulation
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The research has demonstrated the dispersion and dilution of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium from open pit metalliferous mine workings in UK, British Columbia and Arizona during and since the working lives of the mines concerned. Standard operating procedures were developed for the collection and preparation of soil and varying vegetation tissues. Five processes for the digestion of such environmental samples including the use of microwaves were critically evaluated and the use of aqua regia on a hot plate was found to be the most precise and accurate method for subsequent analysis of copper, zinc, lead and cadmium by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Limits of detection and quantitation were also determined. Similar experiments were carried out to determine the most precise method of analysing the resulting extracts from environmental samples and the similarity of FAAS and ICP-AES data demonstrated. Analysis using ion chromatography, energy dispersive x-ray analysis and ICP-MS were found to be less satisfactory. \n \nMine workings of varying ages were chosen in different climatic areas for examination. Cessation of dispersal from older mine workings was demonstrated by the use of epiphytic lichens which are capable of accumulating heavy metals emitted by atmospheric dispersion. The effects of sheet and gulley erosion were considered and other factors affecting atmospheric pollution from mine workings were examined. Temporal effects on the presence of heavy metals in the pedosphere were considered and the persistence and abundance of such pollution adequately demonstrated. Land in the vicinity of all of the mines was found to be heavily polluted and in many cases exceeded the heavy metal concentrations the soil contamination limits of the European Union and Canada especially where the sample sites were in domestic housing and park areas in adjacent towns. \n \nEvidence of bioaccumulation in different plant tissues is presented together with substantiation of partitioning within various plant tissues. Indications of suitable tissues of the plants under examination for biomonitoring of copper, zinc and lead are proposed. Heavy metal speciation related to bioavailability was closely examined using sequential and EDTA extraction procedures and the possible occurrence of homeostatic processes in plants is discussed together with indications of movement through trophic levels to animals including humans. It was also projected that metal tolerant plant tissues preferentially accumulate heavy metals in order to protect seeds. A novel way of calculating an accumulation factor of metals in plants is proposed and its relevance to metal speciation in the soil investigated. Where appropriate international and national standards relating to heavy metal concentrations in soil were demonstrated and their relevance to the current research is indicated. \n \nFurther work on metal speciation, leaching mechanisms and plant accumulation processes is suggested together with investigations into subsequent accumulation of the target metals by mammals including humans.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,003 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».