Iniciativas para a redução do consumo de sódio no Brasil: avaliação e análise de impacto
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Introduction: Inadequate diets are important preventable risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the world. Among critical nutrients associated with NCDs, excessive sodium consumption is the largest risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, mediated by hypertension. Different dietary sources contribute to sodium intake; therefore, sodium reduction depends on multiple parallel and complementary strategies, which can be evaluated previously to implementation through macro and microsimulations. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to develop and apply macro and microsimulation methodologies to evaluate the impact of excessive sodium intake and of the national voluntary targets for sodium reduction on morbimortality and costs of disease in Brazil. Methods: Four manuscripts were produced based on data from national surveys, national statistics and health information systems of the National Health System (SUS). The first manuscript evaluated the impact of the national voluntary sodium targets on the sodium content of priority food categories. The second detailed the development and application of a cost of disease macrosimulation methodology for estimating attributable costs to sodium. The third manuscript used macrosimulations to estimate the attributable deaths and costs to excessive sodium intake in Brazil. The last manuscript used microsimulation models to estimate the projected a 20-year impact of the voluntary sodium targets on morbimortality and direct and indirect health costs. Results: Excessive sodium intake represents a large health burden to Brazilians, and an economic burden to the National Health System and to society. In 2017, it was estimated that 47,017 deaths from all cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mediated by hypertension (equivalent to 585 thousand years of lofe lost), US$ 195 million in expenditures to the National Health System and US$ 800 million in productivity losses to premature deaths were attributable to excessive sodium intake. The voluntary sodium reduction targets for processed and ultraprocessed foods have reduced the average sodium content of foods in 5% to 28% and the average salt intake of the population in 0.25 g/day, from 2011 to 2017. The continuity of the voluntary targets over 20 years would prevent or postpone 112 thousand CVD cases and 2,524 deaths from coronary heart disease and stroke, which represent US$ 292.5 in direct and indirect treatment costs. Conclusions: The results highlight the burden of excessive sodium intake to health and its costs to the National Health System and to the Brazilian society, which support the need for prioritizing sodium reduction in the health agenda. Besides, considering the multiple dietary sources of sodium and the limited impact of the voluntary targets on the incidence, deaths and costs of cardiovascular diseases, it is necessary to expand the impact of food reformulation and strengthen other strategies addressed to the other dietary sources of sodium. Therefore, modeling the impact of dietary factors on NCDs on related morbimortality and costs is an important tool to formulate and implement more cost-effective policies in Brazil and in other countries.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,003 | 0,004 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; les deux têtes enseignantes s’accordent sur ce qui est montré ici.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».