Life History, Resource Allocation, and Phenology of Diploid Flowering Rush (Butomus umbellatus) Collected from Populations in Ohio and New York
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Flowering rush (Butomus umbellatus) is an invasive wetland perennial monocot that is native to eastern Europe that invaded north America in the early 1900’s. Flowering rush made its way to the Great Lakes in the mid-1950’s and has now invaded lake and wetland systems along the U.S. – Canadian border causing a host of issues related to water quality and water use. Within the current invaded range two cytotypes, a diploid and a triploid, have been documented which much of the current research and developed management strategies have been largely on the triploid. Research presented here is on the diploid cytotype which is considerably understudied compared to its triploid counterpart. One study was aimed at understanding the phenology and resource allocation of diploid flowering rush from three study sites: Mentor Marsh, OH; Tonawanda, NY; and Unity Island, NY. It was found that diploid flowering rush had the aboveground tissue peak in early to mid-summer with little resource investment. Once the aboveground tissue peaked, the generated carbohydrate content was then diverted to the rhizome and rhizome bud tissues for long-term storage as starch and vegetative reproduction which peaks right before wintertime. Along with sexual reproduction occurring in the flowers, diploid flowering rush produces rhizome buds, which act as vegetative propagules, on a scale almost twenty times higher than the triploid cytotype. With high reproductive output, diploid flowering rush presents itself as a threat for further spread in the U.S. Alongside understanding the phenological patterns of diploid flowering rush, abiotic factor influences were analyzed using ecological niche modeling. This was done to model site specific abiotic effects as well as the potential for further spread within the U.S. Diploid flowering rush displayed plastic responses to its environment with each study site being affected by different abiotic variables from levels of soil organic carbon content to precipitation seasonality. From ecological niche modeling, diploid flowering rush was determined to have high suitability along the east coast of the U.S. Records from the U.S. Geological Survey Nonindigenous Aquatic Species database were used to determine that numerous populations of flowering rush occupy areas of high suitability based on the generated ecological niche models. Research done on diploid flowering rush suggests that management should be aimed to control the aboveground tissue using herbicide treatments. This management should be done early in the growing season for effective control, otherwise, flowering rush will be minimally affected by ill-timed management. However, further research should be done to optimize management strategies further for populations of diploid flowering rush.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».