Lead in biological samples and site-specific cancer risk associated mortality: a systematic review
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
We plan to conduct a comprehensive review of existing meta-analyses and original studies that focused on the association between Pb measured in biological samples (blood, urine, or nails) and cancer-specific risk or mortality in non-occupationally exposed individuals. We will search PubMed and EMBASE using the following search string: (lead OR Pb) AND (metal or element) AND (cancer* OR malign* OR tumour OR tumor) AND (risk OR inciden* OR mortality). No temporal, geographic, or language restriction will be applied, as long as an English abstract was available to decide on eligibility. We will include original articles as well as meta-analyses that reported a measure of relative risk (RR; e.g. odds ratio, hazard ratio, risk ratio, standardized incidence and mortality ratios; for meta-analyses, summary RR obtained via either fixed or random effects models) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between Pb levels measured in biological samples (e.g. blood, urine, and nails) and the risk of cancer or cancer-related mortality, separately by body district or for cancer at any site. We will exclude articles in which the risk of developing (or dying from) cancer is studied exclusively in relation to any of the following: (a) estimated Pb dietary intake; (b) occupational exposure to Pb (e.g. via inhalation of Pb-containing dusts, fumes, or mists on the workplace); (c) Pb measured in air, water, soils, or other environmental media; (d) Pb levels determined in cancerous and non-cancerous tissues; (e) exposure to a mixture of multiple metals (and possibly non-metal pollutants) including Pb; (f) composite scores containing Pb as one of the items; and other. We will further exclude studies reporting the mean/median Pb levels among cases and controls (including standardized mean differences, SMD) but no RR estimate; those in which the study population was made up of cancer patients and the outcome of interest was patients’ survival or risk of recurrence; and studies having an ecological design. For the purpose of organizing and reporting the results of the literature search, we will group the different tumours according to their site and morphology, based on the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology, 3rd edition (ICD-O-3), as follows: tumours of the head and neck (C00-C14 + C30-C32); tumours of the gastrointestinal system (C15-C26) as a whole or of the oesophagus and stomach (C15-C16), colon-rectum (C18-C20), liver and intrahepatic bile ducts (C22), gallbladder and extrahepatic bile ducts (C23), or pancreas (C25); lung (C34); blood and lymph nodes (C42 + C77); skin melanoma (C44); breast (C50); corpus uteri (C54); ovary (C56); prostate (C61); testis (C62); kidney (C64); bladder (C67); thyroid (C73); and cancers of any site and morphology (i.e. studies having as outcome the overall cancer incidence or mortality). For each of the above, we will include: (a) the most recent meta-analysis (if any existed), or more than one if they differed in terms of inclusion criteria (e.g. Pb measured in blood or in urine; including either prospective or retrospective studies; etc.) or methods of analysis (e.g. summary relative risk calculated for the comparison of the highest vs. lowest category of Pb levels, or reporting the results of dose-response analyses; having as outcome either cancer risk or cancer-related mortality; etc); (b) all original papers published after the most recent meta-analysis, or not included in it (in case of multiple studies with overlapping populations, e.g. cohorts analysed at different points in time, we considered the article based on the largest number of cancer cases or, in case of equal size, the most recent one). The quality and susceptibility to bias of original articles will be assessed by means of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), separately for studies having a prospective and retrospective design (i.e. cohort and nested case-control studies and, respectively, non-nested case-control studies).
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,011 | 0,034 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,014 | 0,020 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,007 | 0,010 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,003 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».