Molecular assays for the detection of invasive tunicates and phylogeography of a tunicate invasion in Prince Edward Island
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
There are currently four invasive tunicate species which are causing significant challenges to the aquaculture industry in Atlantic Canada: Ciona intestinalis, Styela clava, Botryllus schlosseri and Botrylloides violaceus. These tunicates foul mussel socks, aquaculture gear, boat hulls and wharves. As with many aquatic invasive species, detection of these tunicates mostly occurs once adult populations have reached significant population sizes. However, once populations have reached these levels, there is often little that can be done to stop or slow the invasion. Having efficient and sensitive assays that could detect invasive tunicates at microscopic stages would be advantageous as management strategies could be implemented before populations spike to invasive levels. Such an assay would also be useful in monitoring mussel processing plant effluent so that invasive tunicate eggs and larvae are not spread through effluent water discharge to adjacent bays. Molecular assays have been developed in this study that can detect the four invasive tunicate species in both mussel processing effluent water and in bay water surrounding mussel leases. These assays are highly specific and have a sensitivity of detection of 1-5 eggs and/or larvae per water sample. In addition qRT-PCR assays have been developed that can detect and distinguish between different life stages of Ciona intestinalis (egg and larvae) in water samples. This qRT-PCR assay also has the capacity to evaluate viability of free swimming larvae so that nonviable larvae do not cause false positives during mussel processing plant effluent monitoring. The high throughput capacity, high specificity and sensitivity of these assays shows excellent potential for use as a monitoring tool for aquatic invasive species in screening ballast water, effluent waste from shellfish processing plants, as well in local bays and rivers. This study also used phylogenetic analyses of the cytochrome oxidase 1 gene to determine that populations of Botryllus schlosseri in Prince Edward Island have low genetic diversity. Only two haplotypes of B. schlosseri were found in this study in PEI, one which was found in all aquaculture bays tested and the other found only on native substrate in one bay. It is likely that local activity spread this species to other areas of Prince Edward Island after the initial invasion. Phylogeographic analysis suggests that this species was likely transported from Massachusetts to Nova Scotia and then was transported to Prince Edward Island via local boating activity or through the movement of aquaculture species. Through the development of these efficient detection methods and by determining source populations and possible vectors responsible for transporting invasive species to this region, it is hoped that new invasions of aquatic invasive species can be prevented and/or managed before they pose a risk to the aquaculture industry in Prince Edward Island.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».