A Safety net to Foster Support for Trade and Globalisation\nInternational Survey on Attitudes towards Trade\nand Globalisation 2018. Bertelsmann Stiftung GED Study \n
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Given the rise of protectionist reflexes and a world on the brink of trade war, a survey by the Bertelsmann Stiftung of attitudes towards trade and globalisation gauges the temperature among people in twelve developed and emerging economies. It finds that attitudes are generally positive - much more so than various sources of discon-tent raised in the survey.\nIn the emerging countries 64 percent believe that globalisation is a force for good. Support in the developed econ-omies is still large with a relative majority of 44 percent seeing globalisation as positive (25 viewing it as a force for bad). Support for increased international trade is even larger: In emerging economies 73 percent believe that trade is positive for their own country, almost matched by 69 percent in developed countries. The most enthusias-tic pro-trade countries were Russia, India and Indonesia among the emerging economies and Canada and the UK among the developed ones. Turkey and France are the most sceptical about international trade. Respondents believe that globalisation and trade particularly benefit growth, companies, consumers, product prices and job creation.\nHowever, the survey also uncovers several sources of discontent that ought to be taken seriously. Generally, people are sceptical about the effects of globalisation and trade on job security, wage increases and product quality. While generally sympathetic to foreign direct investment, they do not believe takeovers of domestic com-panies by foreign investors to be beneficial. A key finding of this survey is that many do not feel sufficiently well protected by their governments against any negative side-effects of globalisation: in developed economies, 49 percent do not feel adequately protected (against 27 percent) while in emerging economies opinion is tilted slightly towards the opposite direction: 50 percent feel sufficiently protected while 40 percent hold the opposite view.\nThe survey also asked participants to list the most/least preferred trading partners. Japan and Germany lead the list of countries with which people believe trade to be most beneficial. China leads the list of least preferred trad-ing partners. Similarly, respondents were asked to rank who they believed to be the country/region most benefitting/suffering from globalisation. The USA emerge as the perceived winner of globalisation, closely fol-lowed by China. The list of losers is headed by Africa, followed – tellingly - by the USA.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».