Zooplankton communities in Canadian ports: Composition, relative abundance and occurrence of invasive species
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Aquatic invasive species (AIS) cause significant damage to their host ecosystems, altering habitats and native species dynamics. Initiatives to improve our understanding and management of leading stressors of ecosystems like AIS are being developed through collaborative research within the Canadian Aquatic Invasive Species Network (CAISN). This thesis was developed in the context of preventing or reducing dispersal of AIS, facilitating early detection tools to rapidly and effectively identify AIS. In fact, one of the priorities of CAISN aimed at comparing results of several different approaches using traditional and molecular taxonomy to support the development of a national surveillance program.\nThe overarching objective of this thesis was to identify zooplankton species from 16 “high risk ports” based on shipping traffic and ballast water discharges across Canada, four in each of the four coastal regions (Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Great Lakes). Zooplankton collections were conducted by four different CAISN teams, one for each region. 250μm mesh plankton net was used by means of oblique tows during summer periods of 2011 and 2012. The zooplankton was immediately preserved in 95% ethanol and fractioned for parallel projects including traditional and molecular taxonomy. A target taxonomic group (crustaceans) with a global invasion history was studied using a dissecting microscopic. As a result, approximately 14,400 specimens and 86 different taxa, 81 of which were crustaceans, have been identified to their lowest taxonomic level and reference list are provided. Among those, 13 NIS were identified, including Carcinus maenas, the green crab and Cercopagis pengoi, the fishhook waterflea. The number of NIS identified was fairly conservative considering the number of known NIS in each coastal region of Canada. Ordination tests were used to assess the similarities and dissimilarities among ports and regions, and regression analyses were used to assess the relationship between propagule pressure and NIS occurrence. Considerable variation was found among and within regions and significant relationships (albeit modest) between propagule pressure (measured as ship traffic) and the number of NIS were found. Overall, the Artic and Atlantic Oceans were the most different and the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans were the most similar in terms of zooplankton composition. No significant relationships existed when the relative abundance of zooplankton were analysed but significant relationships existed when the number of NIS were analyzed. A separate analysis focused on the comparison among samples and ports of the Atlantic region. A first inventory list of plankton communities associated to ports in this region was developed and ordination analyses were used to assess their level of similarity. Overall, Port Hawkesbury and Halifax Harbour were the most similar and Bayside and Sept-Iles were the most different in terms of zooplankton composition. The data from the 16 ports included in this thesis will be deposited in a National AIS database providing baseline information to support future policy development, and studies on vectors and environmental assessments.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».