Design and evaluation of a biosecure composting system to dispose of swine mortalities during a foreign animal disease outbreak
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Composting is widely known as an effective method to dispose of both routine and diseased animal mortalities. Its capability of eliminating a wide variety of pathogens has led it to be used as the preferred disposal method during major poultry disease outbreaks, such as the 2014-2015 outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in the U.S., which remains to be the country’s largest animal health emergency to date. This thesis consists of three main chapters. The first chapter summarizes the major animal disease outbreaks in the world and the lessons learned from those outbreaks. The second chapter focuses on the adaption of a plastic-wrapped composting system developed by the Canadian Food Inspection Agency during the 2004 HPAI outbreak in British Columbia to compost swine mortalities. Field-scale experiments were conducted to evaluate the system’s performance. Two cover materials (ground cornstalks and woodchips) were tested using actively and passively aerated composting sheds. The mortalities were inoculated with Salmonella spp. and vaccine strains of Bovine Herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV). Air samples collected from the upper aeration duct (air outlet) during the first ten days of composting were negative, which indicated that aerosol transmission of the pathogens was limited. In the second study, lab-scale experiments were conducted to measure the physical parameters and airflow characteristics of three commonly used cover materials (woodchips, sawdust, and ground cornstalks) at four moisture levels, which could be utilized in designing actively aerated swine mortality composting systems during a disease outbreak (e.g., African swine fever). An inverse relationship (R2 ranged from 0.96 to 0.99) was found between permeability and bulk density, as increasing bulk density resulted in a decrease in permeability. A linear relationship was found between the materials’ air-filled porosity and bulk density, in which increasing bulk density resulted in a decrease in air-filled porosity. Only when cornstalks were used, the power required to aerate the compost material was significantly different at four moisture levels (P=0.008).
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».