The Effects of PMMA Surface Chemistry and Extracellular Traps on Macrophages, Lens Epithelial Cells and the Wound Healing Response
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Posterior capsule opacification (PCO) is a condition that affects 20-40% of patients that undergo cataract lens replacement surgery. The design of the replacement intraocular lens (IOL) (for instance material, shape, and surface chemistry) is thought to be one of the main contributing factors to its development. Following the implantation of a biomaterial, there is a response by the immune system, activating cells and the release of various factors. The neutrophil is one of the first immune cells to respond and consequently has an effect on local cells and downstream immune cells. Also, neutrophils release a meshwork of DNA and proteins termed neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are present during the inflammatory response and can affect downstream immune cells (i.e. macrophages) and the local cells. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the lens surface chemistry and the immune response of the neutrophils affect the behaviour of lens epithelial cells (LECs) and macrophages in the wound healing response. In this research, NETs were isolated from an HL60 cell line and used to investigate their effect on macrophages (activated THP1 cells) and LECs in vitro. Cell viability and behaviour of these cell types were assessed to determine the effects that NETs have on local and immune cells involved in PCO and the wound healing response. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) disks were functionalized with amine or carboxyl surface groups to explore how the surface chemistry can affect LEC behaviour and viability in vitro. Lastly, in vivo analysis of functionalized PMMA beads investigated the healing response and neutrophil presence to different surface chemistries. When THP1 cells were incubated on tissue cultured polystyrene (TCPS) pre-treated with NETs, the NETs increased monocyte differentiation and TNF-α production when paired with iii activation with phorbol 13-myrstate 12-acetate (PMA) but there was no significant increase in THP1 cells differentiation when they were incubated on NETs only. It was also found that there were paracrine effects on the activated macrophages, leading to increased cell activation when THP1 cells were seeded onto TCPS at a higher cell density. When LEC were incubated on TCPS with pre-adsorbed NETs, the NETs decreased LEC viability but, interestingly, increased the production of alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), a marker of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. When LEC were incubated on PMMA, the PMMA surface chemistry altered the viability of LECs and α-SMA production, with increased viability and α-SMA expression on aminated PMMA. When PMMA beads were injected subcutaneously into C57BL/6J mice, there was increased neutrophil presence and vessel formation 7 days after injection as well as differences in these two measures surrounding the aminated and carboxylated PMMA. Neutrophil presence was increased surrounding PMMA-COOH and vessel structure formation was increased surrounding PMMA-NH2 at 1 day and 7 days after injection.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,002 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».