Feasibility Of Environmentally Friendly Solvent in Bitumen Recovery Through Solvent-Steam Processes
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Steam flooding is the most widely used and reliable thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process to recover bitumen. However, the excessive water required to generate steam causes environmental concerns. Thus, a noble idea to reduce the sole dependency on steam alone is to co-inject solvent with steam to improve miscibility aside from the oil displacement mechanisms from steam itself. However, the usage of industrial grade solvents are toxic, hence difficult to handle. These chemicals will cause long term health issues as well as environmental pollution. Thus, the aim of this research is to investigate the feasibility of a plant-based environmentally friendly solvent to replace the toxic industrial grade solvents as well as reduce the dependency on steam alone. \nEight core flooding experiments were conducted on a Canadian bitumen by varying propane, hexane, toluene, benzoyl peroxide, MS environmentally friendly solvent, and steam. Results obtained indicated good oil recoveries through solvent-steam processes especially using the MS solvent. The produced and residual oil were analyzed through asphaltenes separation which showed that the MS solvent produced more of the asphaltene in the produced oil. Meanwhile, the other solvents precipitated more asphaltenes in the residual oil on the spent rock since they are asphaltene precipitants except for toluene. \nPolar asphaltene should react with polar liquid water to form emulsion based on literature. However, the asphaltene content in produced oil did not correlate with the emulsion severity during investigation. Thus, control experiments involving individual SARA fractions were conducted to understand the role of each fraction in emulsion formation. Results showed that the mutual interaction between aromatics and resins induced the formation of emulsion before being stabilized by the asphaltenes. At the same time, it was found that emulsion formation intensifies during steam \n\ntemperature and exist as foam before condensing into more stable water droplets at a lower temperature. \nThese results meant that the MS environmentally friendly solvent could potentially replace the toxic chemicals during solvent-steam processes to mitigate the environmental footprint. Other than that, the role of asphaltene as an emulsion stabilizer instead of as an emulsion inducer will alter emulsion treatment and inhibition chemicals by targeting the deasphalted oil instead to improve the oil quality by removing the emulsion. This behavior of asphaltene will also shed light onto the fundamentals of asphaltene which still remains to be a complex molecule to understand.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».