A feasibility study of municipal waste-to-energy management : measurement of landfill gas quality at Brady Road landfill in Canada

Compilation of Air Pollution Emission Factors BTU -British Thermal Unit CAA -Clear Air Act CH¿ -Methane COz -Carbon Dioxide DOC -Degradable Organic Carbon EC -Environment Canada E-VAP -Leachate Evaporation ft3 -Cubic Feet ft3/lb -Cubic Feet of Methane Per Tonnes of Waste GC -Gas Chromatography GHG -Greenhouse Gas HzS -Hydrogen Sulfide IC -Internal Combustion K -Decay Rate Constant kg -Kilogram kPa -Kilo Pascal lb -Pound LFG -Landfill Gas Lo -Methane Generation Potential MSV/ -Municipal Solid Waste Mt -Million Tonnes N2 -Nitrogen 02 -Oxygen ppm -Part Per Million (by volume -ppm v/v) PVC -Polyvinyl Chloride RH -Relative Humidity SCF -Standard Cubic Feet SCFM -Standard Cubic Feet Per MinuteXI landf,rll gas provides a source of environmentally friendly renewable por¡/er that would otherwise be wasted and become a liability due to fîre and explosion risks.In addition to GHG reductions, the capture and use of landfill gas provides the ancillary benefits of limiting odours, controlling damage to vegetation, reducing owner liability, risk from explosions, fires and asphyxiation, and smog while providing a potential source of revenue and profit.Forty one landfills in Canada presently capture methane resulting in a reduction of GHG emissions of more than 7 megatonnes per year of CO2 equivalents annually (Conestoga Rovers and Associates, 1999).An estimated 70%o of the captured gas in Canada is used for energy generation at 13 facilities (Pembina Institute, 2003) of which six generate electricity to sell to the grid (e.g., Keele St., Toronto) and seven use CHAPTER 1 1.1 Purpose and Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the energy potential of Winnipeg's Brady Road landfill and the quality of landfill gas production.The study also estimates the quantity of landfill gas production, although this is not the focus of this thesis.The specific objectives of this study were to determine: 1) Chemical composition of landfill gas including trace components, 2) Seasonal variability of the physical characteristics, 3) Heating value of the landf,rll gas, 4) Site specific methane generation rate values, 5) Estimated potential of greenhouse gas reductions, and 6) Management implications for Brady Road landfill.1.2 Significance of Research Methane from landf,ills is a global warming potential released into the atmosphere, if not recovered.This may result in odour nuisance, explosive danger and health hazards associated with trace gases.The study of landfill gas quality is essential in reducing GHG emissions and creating alternative resource energy.1.3 Organization This thesis consists of five chapters.This chapter introduces the landfill gas issue and its impacts to the environment, establishes the purpose and objectives and significance of the research.Chapter 2 reviews the ¡elated literature, followed by the details of the methodology in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4,the study results are interpreted and discussed in ¡elation to the objectives.At last, the conclusions and recommendations are provided in Chapter 5.Table 2.1 Summary of landhll gas (LFG) recovery projects in Canada (Environment Canada,2003).

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