Is there room for collective agency in a gentrifying city?: Planning for autonomous community space in Toronto
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The proliferation of gentrification in Toronto has been enabled by the city’s adoption of neoliberal urban development processes consistent with Toronto’s growing desire to compete with other global cities for the attention of global investors. The impacts of gentrification are far-reaching, with physical, economic, cultural, and social consequences associated with the increase in property values, rents, changes in commercial orientation, demographics, and neighbourhood class structure. As state sanctioned gentrification continues to take place across the city of Toronto, and terms such as “community benefits” are integrated into major neighbourhood revitalization projects by developers, this paper considers the implications that this change in urban development processes has for community-based organizations and their access to space, and the consequent implications for the autonomy of community based work. The high cost of real estate combined with the emphasis on service oriented third sector actors in the neoliberal city has resulted in increased pressures faced by community-based organizations to fit within the neoliberal valuation of the third sector, and higher property values or to face displacement and dissolution. This Major Paper examines the relationship between gentrification and access to space for community-based organizations in Toronto. The discussion presented here discusses the current neoliberal urban development context that is specific to the experiences of community-based organizations in Toronto’s gentrifying neighbourhoods, followed by a review of the main concerns and challenges raised by community-based organizations operating in these areas. By using a variety of methods including interviews, a survey and a focus group, the findings of this research project indicate that neoliberal urban development practices impact the ability of community-based organizations to access and maintain space for their communities while maintaining autonomy in regards to their activities and location. Without the ability to generate revenue to keep up with the real estate pressures of Toronto’s gentrifying neighbourhoods or to fit within the service-oriented systems of valuation of the third sector produced by neoliberal policies, the question arises as to how community-based organizations can continue to contribute to the development of Toronto’s community-focused social infrastructure. Findings indicate that the main challenges facing these organizations fall within four key categories: top-down planning processes, inequitable acquisition processes, dependence on underutilized space and of course, financial barriers. By reviewing these findings in relation to the context in which these organizations are operating, five recommendations are made in regards to current and proposed methods of creating autonomous spaces for community-based organizations.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,018 | 0,009 |
| Communication savante | 0,006 | 0,002 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,004 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».