Migration in the Spotlight: A Comparative Investigation of Behavioural and Energetic Responses to Artificial Light at Night in Nocturnal Migrant and Nonmigrant Songbirds
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a rapidly growing pollutant as it is currently outpacing the growth of its leading cause, urbanization. Varying levels of light pollution can generate a wide range of responses including physiological or behavioural changes reported in a growing number of species. Nocturnal migratory songbirds may be particularly vulnerable given their long-distance migration, which increases their exposure risk to ALAN during a potentially sensitive window. I hypothesized that increasing levels of ALAN may alter migratory behaviour and energetics of foraging and flight activity in both nocturnal migrant and to a lesser extent in nonmigrant birds. Here, I used a captive experimental study design across three seasons to compare the activity, behaviour, and energetics of two nocturnal migrant species, Gambel’s white-crowned (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelli) and White-throated sparrows (Z. albicolis), and a nonmigrant species, the House sparrow (Passer domesticus). Birds were video recorded in captive trials conducted in spring, summer, and autumn seasons, testing a range of ALAN intensities (0.15, 0.5, 1.5 and 10 lux) relative to a dark control treatment (< 0.01 lux). ALAN had little impact on house sparrow activity which remained largely dormant at night. In migratory sparrows, I found an increase in nocturnal activity in response to increasing ALAN along with changes in observed patterns of migratory-specific restlessness behaviours (beak up and beak up flight). Migrants had a threshold response in migratory behaviours, where increasing light intensity stimulated migratory behaviour, but the highest intensity diminished it, suggesting 10 lux may be a threshold for behavioural compensation. Additionally, all birds gained mass in all seasons following ALAN exposure, except the migrants at the highest light intensity. Despite an increase in migratory activity and positive relationship between activity and overall energy expenditure measured using respirometry, neither nocturnal metabolic rate nor food consumption appeared affected by ALAN, though this may be due to low sample size. Diurnal behavioural changes or physiological compensation could also be an energy saving technique when exposed to ALAN. I speculate that ALAN may alter the circadian mechanisms that control seasonally appropriate nocturnal and diurnal behavioural patterns, and possibly reflects an acute stress response, producing the observed effects. ALAN-induced changes in behaviour and energetics of migratory species may have unknown consequences on migration success, survival, and fitness in the wild.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».