Measurement of Matric Suction In Thin Membrane Surface Highways Using Thermal Conductivity Sensors
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The performance of Thin Membrane Surface (TMS) highways is directly related to the strength of the subgrade. The subgrade of these highways consists unsaturated soil whose strength is a function of not only normal stress but also matric suction. Therefore matric suction should be a major consideration in the analysis and design of these highways. The consideration of matric suction in the design of TMS highways requires a reliable and practical methodology quantitatively measure soil suction in the subgrades of these highways. A study was conducted starting in September 2000 to develop a practical installation procedure for the new thermal conductivity sensor developed at the University of Saskatchewan, Canada. The new sensor, called the University of Saskatchewan Thermal Conductivity Matric Suction Sensor, is able to indirectly measure soil suction in TMS highways. Two highway subgrades in southern Saskatchewan, Canada were instrumented with the new sensors. Sixteen of the new sensors were installed at each site at various depths and distances from the highway centreline. The sites were monitored for a period of nine months. The results of the study showed the sensors reaching equilibrium at varying times depending on the sensor characteristics and soil conditions. The results also indicated that highest matric suction values were achieved during the winter months and the lowest values were exhibited during the spring. The time of maximum soil suction values recorded ranged from early November 2000 for the shallowest sensors to late March 2001 for the deepest sensors. Minimum suctions were witnessed in early April 2001 in the shallowest sensors while the deepest sensors exhibit a steady decline in suction magnitude from the maximum value in late March 2001 until the end of the study period. In so far as matric suction largely controls bearing capacity in highway subgrades, maximum and minimum bearing capacities will correspond with maximum and minimum matric suctions. Freezing conditions in the soil around the sensors was witnessed in early November 2000 in the shallow sensors while the soil around the deepest sensors did not exhibit freezing conditions during the study period. The results from Site 2 South of Torquay, Canada exhibited suction values nearly twice that of the values obtained from Site 1 North of Bethune, Canada. During the monitoring period the Data Acquisition System (DAS) at one of the sites was contaminated by meltwater; therefore, some suction readings from early spring at the site were unavailable. The damaged system was replaced and the data acquisition resumed on May 4, 2001. The DAS used in conjunction with the new sensors functioned well during the study period and was not adversely affected by the wide range of climatic conditions experienced at both sites during the study period. The wireless communication system utilized for the transmission of field data from the DAS functioned very well during the study period for the collection of the suction readings from the field. The study describes a practical installation procedure developed for the new sensors in order to obtain appropriate data. The ability of the new sensor to measure soil suctions in highway subgrades at remote locations was verified as was the DAS and communication system utilized in conjunction with the sensors. The effect of matric suction on the bearing capacity of highway subgrades was reviewed. This study illustrated that soil suction readings obtained by the new sensors can be analyzed within the context of unsaturated soils for use in highway analysis and design.
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Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».