Sex-specific behavioural and physiological responses of breeding Atlantic puffins Fratercula arctica and their chicks to fluctuating prey abundance
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The Witless Bay Ecological Reserve in Newfoundland and Labrador is home to the largest breeding colony of Atlantic puffins Fratercula arctica in North America. Studying parental investment over several years of fluctuating prey abundance, in combination with experimental food supplementation studies, can help determine how puffins are adjusting to ecosystem changes and can reveal the potential consequences of these changes for long-term survival and reproductive success. Puffins adopt a conservative breeding strategy such that parents need to balance their own survival and self-maintenance with parental investment, which is more challenging when food resources are low. First, how variation in resources affects chick growth and physiology was investigated. Food supplemented chicks had higher mass gain than controls, as well as higher rates of structural growth, a result previously seen only under the poorest feeding conditions. Second, audiovisual recordings and Passive Integrated Transponder tags were used to identify sex differences in parental provisioning effort, revealing that females provisioned chicks more frequently than males when food resources were low. Third, several physiological measurements were taken to determine the potential fitness consequences of parents to changing food availability. Female parents with chicks that were not food supplemented had higher beta-hydroxybutyrate levels, and indication of fasting, than both control males and adults with food supplemented chicks. These findings support the hypothesis that females invest more effort in provisioning and indicating that energetic demands of chick rearing may be greater for females than for males. Fourth, whether chick behaviour can influence parental provisioning was investigated. Chicks produced screech calls to inform parents of their hunger levels and screech calls were reduced after food supplementation. Parents did not return to the burrow with food quicker when screech calls were produced during the previous visit, as a parent’s response was limited by food availability. The behavioural and physiological responses to variations in food availability have demonstrated the ability of parents to adjust to changing environmental conditions while balancing self-maintenance and reproductive success. Puffins in this study population have successfully endured deteriorating foraging conditions; however, long-term shortages and mismatches in prey availability during chick rearing could potentially impact future populations, as observed in declining European colonies.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».