In vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of twenty-one Northern Ontario medicinal plants
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Aboriginal communities in the northern Ontario region utilize an abundance of locally grown medicinal plants. However, no prior documentation or phytochemical studies on the northern Ontario medicinal plants existed in literature. This prompted me to exploit the ethnobotanical resources in this region towards the study of antibacterial bioactivity and alleviation of oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of many major human illnesses, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes and Alzheimer?s syndrome. Also, infectious diseases are a major concern in our society due to the advent of multiple drug resistant strains of bacteria that cause millions of mortalities worldwide. From the accumulated list of 48 northern Ontario medicinal plants, I selected 21 plants based on their documented anticancer, antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiarrheal and anti-inflammatory properties. These plants were separated into leaf, flower, stem and root tissues and extracted with ethanol. In total, 43 extracts were assayed for antioxidant and antibacterial activity in this study. The antioxidant activity was evaluated through the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS (2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt), ORAC (Oxygen radical absorption capacity), and EC50 (half maximal effective concentration) assays. The total phenolic content of medicinal plants was also determined. The antibacterial activity was determined through the hole-plate diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays on Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium, Paenibacillus alvei and Aeromonas caviae bacteria. The crude extract was fractionated through manual liquid chromatography (LC) into five fractions of varying polarity using a mixture of hexane: ethyl acetate: methanol solvents and assayed for inhibitory activity in the MIC assay. Also, a few plants were shortlisted and studied for more detailed antibacterial activity through minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and time-kill analyses. In the antioxidant assays, all plant extracts exhibit some level of activity, however, a few were exceptional. The extracts of Cornus canadensis, Ledum palustre, Prunella vulgaris, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, and Apocynum androsaemifolium L. from the Cornaceae, Lamiaceae, Ericaceae and Apocynaceae families, respectively, display the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic contents. In the antibacterial assays, plants from the Asteraceae, Apocynaceae, Cornaceae and Ericaceae families display the highest activity. Particularly, the leaf and/ or flower extracts of Xanthium strumarium, Anaphalis margaritacea, Arctostaphylos uva-ursi, Apocynum androsaemifolium L., Cornus canadensis, Solidago canadensis and Grindelia squarrosa exhibit high inhibition diameters and low MIC values. Also, for the majority of extracts, an increase in bioactivity was observed in the medium polarity LC fraction, relative to the crude. Particularly, the medium polarity fraction of Anap. margaritacea flower exhibits MIC values in the range of 0.08 -1.25 mg/ml against all six bacteria tested. The crude extract of Anaphalis margaritacea flower also displays MBC values in the range of 0.16 - 5 \nmg/ml against A. caviae, M. luteus, P. alvei and B. cereus bacterium and demonstrates complete extermination within eight hours of incubation. Overall, this investigation provides evidence for the application of these medicinal plants towards the treatment of infectious and oxidative stress related diseases in Native Aboriginal communities.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».