Caractérisation des cendres des boues de désencrage et ses applications potentielles dans le béton
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The rapid deterioration of the global environment forces people to increasingly take into consideration. Nowadays, concrete is the most extensively-used construction material in the world. Cement, the dominant material for manufacturing concrete, has been largely used in the past few decades. It has also been generally considered as an environmentally hazardous material, mainly due to CO2 emissions during the production process. Thus, many industrial by-products have been used to partially substitute cement in order to generate more economic and durable concrete. Among these by-products, fly ash generated during combustion of coal has been successfully used in concrete for many years. Unlike traditional fly ash, a new type of ash may also be used. It is obtained by combustion of de-inking sludge, bark and residues of woods in a fluidized-bed system from Brompton Mill located near Sherbrooke, Canada. However, the properties and the applications of this new by-product are not well known. An investigation was carried out to characterize this new material and examine its performance as an alternative material in the production of concrete. Firstly, the chemical, physical, mineralogical, and morphological characteristics of WSA were analyzed and were compared with traditional ash. In addition, the rheological properties of pastes and mortars mixed with WSA were evaluated by tests such as the calorimeter, mini-slump, marsh cone, and compressive strength of mortar cubes. In addition, the optimum ratio of cement replaced by WSA was examined by the compressive strength of concrete at the age of 1, 7, 28 and 91 days. Herein, two different water-to-binder ratios are considered: 0.4 and 0.55. Finally, the comprehensive properties of WSA concrete applying to the optimum ratio was carried out in different aspects such as fresh, mechanical properties, volume-change, and durability.The results show that it is possible to use WSA as a new cementitious material in concrete. According to the experimental results, a high-range water-reducing agent was required, even at a higher water-to-binder ratio (WSA showed a high degree of water demand). It study also revealed that WSA concrete had low permeability, and resisted freezing and thawing compared to the control mixture. In addition, the high CaO content in WSA substantially increased the expansion of concrete, early in the process. This greatly compensated the autogenous shrinkage that was developed in concrete with a low water-to-binder ratio. However, WSA is not recommended for use in environments containing a high quantity of sulphate, because its higher lime phase may cause the damage to constructions.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,001 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,003 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».