Carabid beetles as indicators of tillage disturbance
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Carabid beetles are often considered highly useful indicators of disturbance and environmental stress. They are useful because they are taxonomically well known and are easily captured. However, there is no comprehensive study of carabids using a gradient of similar disturbances and a wide variety of ecological indices and models. I assessed the effect of tillage disturbance on the diversity within and between carabid assemblages by using 14 different measures of diversity from samples collected on individual farms (i.e., treatments) in southern Ontario. I used different diversity indices to test the null hypothesis that for all diversity indices there is no change in species diversity with increasing tillage disturbance. My hypotheses could not be rejected (p > 0.05) because no difference in diversity between farms was found. These tests and results were corroborated by a meta-analysis of 45 published carabid data sets. Thus, my own data, and those of others, indicate that diversity indices are not useful for detecting the effect of disturbance on carabids. Because of the negative findings obtained by using species diversity, I examined the novel hypothesis that diversity in beetle size, a functional measure of a beetle's place in an ecosystem, would be useful. I hypothesized that there would be decreasing diversity of beetle species sizes, increasing mean beetle size and increasing deviation away from log normal distributions of size with increasing disturbance as represented by the tillage practices on the 4 treatments. The log normal distributions of body size on all treatments suggest that carabid beetle assemblages form a functional group. Arguments of niche hierarchy and competitive interactions can be invoked. From the findings of the log normality in sizes, I hypothesized that carabids are a taxonomic functional group by using distribution of species diversity and abundance. My results suggest that they are not because their diversity and abundance is not represented by log normal distributions. I found that carabid populations were geometrically distributed in all treatments. To determine if levels of disturbance can be assessed by using other taxonomic groups I used a meta-analyses of non-carabid species assemblages to test for deviation from log normal distributions of diversity and abundance. Functional groups that should be targeted for disturbance studies are keystone groups which include pollinators, and detritivores. Underlying ecological principles to diversity and abundance would predict that some indicator groups may not show a change in diversity and abundance as the result of a disturbance. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».