Deciding To Deport: Considering Collateral Immigration Consequences in Ontario Based Courts
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
This dissertation unpacks how migrants with criminal convictions are governed across the immigration and criminal punishment systems in Canada. The analysis traces processes that span these two domains and contribute to the program of removal for criminality. I draw from debates on immigration law to provide a historical review of legislation governing deportation from 1869 to 2002, when the current Immigration and Refugee Protection Act was enacted. I trace the rationalizations for amendments to this legislation introduced by the Faster Removal of Foreign Criminals Act (FRFCA) in 2013. The analysis then shifts to consider how knowledge of deportation for conviction and sentence impacts processes in the criminal system. I review how knowledge of the program of removal is accessed and deployed by court actors. I also examine the effects of the consideration of immigration consequences on sentencing outcomes. I reviewed 188 cases and conducted 13 interviews with judges, defence counsel and immigration lawyers in support of this effort.\n \nThis research reveals the complex exchange of knowledges, actors, and technologies across the assemblages of the immigration and criminal punishment systems. I demonstrate the clear reliance of government officials on racialized ideas of citizenship in legislating deportation. I establish the repetition of racist logics over time, including in support of the FRFCA. I then demonstrate the interweaving of logics of race with knowledges of court processes. I reveal that amendments to the program of removal introduced via the FRFCA were justified as delimiting the authority of court actors to consider deportation. I also show that judges continue to contemplate the collateral immigration consequences of sentencing post-passage of the FRFCA. \n\nI argue that judicial discretion is shaped by a myriad of factors, including knowledge of legal principles, information specific to the geographical location of the court, and the background of the judge. The interweaving of this information is shown to have varied effects for the program of removal, with some migrants being protected from deportation by court actors through sentencing. Opportunities for resistance to removal are thus argued to exist in the points of tension in implementation of the program of removal across the immigration and criminal systems in Canada. This work also reveals that racialized knowledge guides judicial decision making on migrant sentence. Racialized migrants are produced through these processes as outside of the citizenry of Canada. The work thus confirms that the immigration and criminal punishment systems in Canada function in tandem to support racial governance.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,004 | 0,020 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,003 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,019 | 0,011 |
| Communication savante | 0,010 | 0,004 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,005 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,002 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,005 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».