Experimental and Phenomenological Examinations of Nonverbal Reassurance Seeking in Association with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
In obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), excessive reassurance seeking (RS) has been construed as overt direct questions and/or covert subtle statements which prompt information to allay obsessional doubts and/or fears. However, an exclusively verbal conceptualization of RS lacks theoretical justification and fails to explain the use of nonverbal actions (e.g., prolonged pauses) ostensibly to prompt reassurance following an experimental manipulation of responsibility (Leonhart & Radomsky, 2019b). Nonverbal RS (NVRS) may reinforce symptoms ‘under the radar’ of those with OCD, loved ones, and/or helping professionals. The lack of research into NVRS may limit the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT)–the treatment of choice for OCD. The present mixed-methods doctoral research was conducted to examine the manifestations and functions of NVRS in OCD. A checklist of NVRS behaviours was developed from observations and a review of the literature on RS and nonverbal communication. In Study 1, experimentally increased high ([HR] vs. decreased, low responsibility [LR]) resulted in more verbal RS (VRS) as reported by participants (N = 86) and a trained actor from whom reassurance was sought, and critically, in more NVRS according to the actor. As predicted, responsibility beliefs may have similar impacts on checking, VRS, and NVRS. Further, a significant condition × time × person interaction was observed, such that HR participants reported a smaller transfer of responsibility to the actor while LR participants reported a comparatively larger transfer to themselves following the RS opportunity. Study 2 was designed to learn if people with lived experience of seeking and providing reassurance endorsed similar and/or additional NVRS behaviour. Twelve pairs of people who met criteria for OCD and partners of their choosing (N = 24) were interviewed. Participants with OCD utilized several NVRS behaviours when given an opportunity to seek reassurance from their partners. Prominent behaviours were those which reportedly occurred during most interactions and were used at least daily to seek reassurance according to participant-partner pairs: close examination of others’ reactions, direct eye contact, pauses to allow for reassurance, and forehead wrinkling. NVRS, like VRS, may result in neutralized obsessions, but it may also have unique functions (e.g., avoided social consequences, better effectiveness). Unexpectedly, there was no clear evidence that people with OCD were unaware of their NVRS. Implications for cognitive-behavioural theories of and therapies for RS generally and NVRS specifically are discussed.
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Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,002 | 0,003 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,002 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
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