Fermentation – Enhanced Sustainable Biological Phosphorus Removal
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The success of enhanced biological phosphorus removal depends on the constant availability of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). To reduce costs of purchasing external carbon, waste streams would be a preferred source for nutrient removal. VFAs were shown to vary in the incoming sewage and fermentate from primary sludge (PS). Another available source of organic to generate VFAs is waste activated sludge (WAS). The effect of solids retention time and biomass concentration, as well as the effect of temperature and requirement for mixing on generation of VFA from the fermentation of WAS were investigated. It was found that VFA yields from sludge fermentation increased with SRT. At the longest SRT of 10 days improved biomass degradation resulted in the highest soluble to total COD ratio and the highest VFA yield. WAS fermentation was found highly temperature-dependent. The overall VFA–COD concentration in the non-mixed reactors was much lower than the mixed reactors. The study of fermentation of PS, WAS and a mixture of WAS and PS demonstrated that PS fermentation predictably generated a significantly higher amount of soluble COD than WAS. Co-fermentation of WAS with PS enhanced soluble COD production and increased the release of phosphate and ammonium. Fermentation of combined PS and WAS sludge generated a concentration of phosphate high enough to allow phosphorus recovery as struvite The effect of using glycerol as an external carbon source in biological phosphorus removal was investigated. Using glycerol directly resulted in the failure of the process which maintained enhanced biological phosphorus removal. When glycerol was co-fermented with waste activated sludge, significant VFA production was observed. By 2 | P a g e supplying the system with the VFA-enriched supernatant of the fermentate, biological phosphorus removal was enhanced. It was concluded that, if glycerol was to be used as external carbon source for biological phosphorous removal, the effective approach was to ferment glycerol with waste activated sludge. According to the cost analysis, the economic benefit of WAS fermentation can be demonstrated in three ways: 1) cost saving in external carbon addition; 2) cost saving in sludge handling; 3) revenue from phosphorus. At current condition, the value of the recovered P product is insignificant relative to the cost of chemicals that required for recovery and capital cost of the facilities. However, P recovery becomes important when the sustainability take into account.
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Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction distillée sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Apprise à partir de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et de 10 348 étiquettes directes de Gemma. Le mode candidate est l'union des têtes enseignantes seuillées; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont ni des étiquettes humaines ni des étiquettes directes de modèles de pointe.
Scores Codex et Gemma par catégorie
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule tête enseignante, pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».