FURTHER DEVELOPMENT OF A VARIABLE FUEL FLOW AUTOMATIC MIXING VALVE FOR PRESCRIBED INJECTION RATIO
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
The production of an emulsion by emulsification plant without the addition of chemical additives always requires an injection device of the dispersed phase (water or ethanol) into the continuous phase (fuel oil). In this way a preliminary mixture of immiscible liquids is produced at the right volume ratio. Such a mixture is processed downstream to have an emulsion with the dispersed phase drop mean diameters less than 4 μm. Since Gas Turbines have a variable fuel flow related to the delivered power, there is the necessity of maintaining a prescribed dispersed phase to continuous phase volumetric ratio when the fuel flow varies. This paper deals with an automatic device that is capable of producing the prescribed injection ratio of the dispersed phase into the fuel oil when the fuel oil flow rate changes. Such a device is developed to be coupled with an emulsification system that provides to break an immiscible part of fluid in a very small drops. The system is for feeding fuel into engines (S.I. Gasoline, Diesel, Gas Turbine combustors) operating at variable loadings i.e variable liquid fuel flow. The mixer (PMD, Pre-Mixer Device) has been presented at ASME Turbo Expo (Montreal 2007) for diesel #2 operating at 25°C with the viscosity being assumed as constant because of its variation is in a reduced range. In this paper, different fuels having different viscosities (diesel oil of different numbers, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, etc) have been tested. The major modeling aspect concerns with the behavior of the annular orifice that produces a membrane displacement. A bibliographic analysis has been performed and the main results are reported in this paper. Since the architecture of the orifice, its geometry and the flow conditions were not reported in the bibliography, systematic experiments have been performed. Such experiments where carried on for various liquids having various viscosities for different geometric arrangements and force acting on the membrane. The analysis of results led to formulate models to describe both the flow discharge and effective force coefficients. The paper gives a complete outlook of the experiments and of the above models. The viscosity dependent models have been introduced in to the PMD simulation code. Such models that take the influence of viscosity into account have been developed and some scale-up rules have been established. An amply description of the sizing and scale-up models are presented together with modification to improve the prototype behavior operated with fluids having different viscosities. Experimental results concerning the influence of viscosity of the continuous phase are presented and widely discussed taking the model as reference.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Science ouverte | 0,002 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,004 | 0,001 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».