Heated tool processing of out-of- autoclave composite materials
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
As aerospace manufacturers continue to incorporate Out-of-Autoclave (OoA) materials into their aircraft designs, the shortcomings of the convection oven become more and more apparent.Similar to the autoclave, the traditional oven for OoA processing relies on convective heat transfer, which induces thermal lag and limits heating rates, thereby increasing cycle times.This research investigates the manufacturing of OoA composites using heated tooling where the mould surface itself is heated via conduction, resulting in improved thermal control.The heating system studied here is the TCX™ heating element, produced by ThermoCeramix inc.Two prototype systems were developed, and used to benchmark both laminate quality and energy consumption, as well as to explore alternate material forms and part structures to expand the tools' processing flexibility.Quality benchmarking studies showed that TCX™ heated tools are capable of producing laminates of similar quality to a traditional oven cure in terms of void content, short-beam strength, and glass transition temperature.The tools' rapid heating capability was also explored, and was shown to have to no negative effect on part quality at heating rates up to 50 °C/min.Energy trials demonstrated the potential for 26.1 to 91.6 percent savings, depending on the way the heating technology is implemented.This led to several tool design recommendations to optimize the energy savings of future tools, specifically by avoiding excessive use of high thermal mass substructures, and making every effort to thermally isolate the tool surface from the rest of the mould.The processing flexibility experiments demonstrated that heated tools are not limited to flat, monolithic parts.First, resin film infusion (RFI) was investigated as a possible low-cost, short cycle time application.Heated tools were shown to produce good quality laminates in all configurations but one.This led to the recommendation that heated tool RFI trials make use of a tool-side resin strategy where possible, and a short room temperature vacuum hold prior to infusion when using both rapid heating and an interspaced strategy.Next, both tapered laminates and sandwich structures featuring lightweight materials were investigated.The TCX™ prototypes were found to be able to handle both configurations by implementing multiple heating zones, and a hybrid heating blanket system.throughout my time at McGill.His advice and mentorship were not only instrumental to my Master's project, but to also to my growth as an engineer.My time in the Structures and Composite Materials Laboratory has been amazing, and I believe that is mainly due to the spirit of learning and friendship instilled in the group by Professor Hubert as well as Professor Larry Lessard.I would also like to acknowledge Professor Lessard for giving me my start in the composites lab as an undergraduate all those years ago.Within the Structures and Composite Materials Laboratory, I'd like to thank everyone who has called MD53A home for the last two years.I've truly appreciated the wonderful environment, and it made my graduate studies a period of my life that I'll never forget.Every member had an impact on my work, be it through lending a hand in the lab or helping to brainstorm ideas, and for that I'll always be grateful.Special thanks go to Adam Smith (for continued support on this project), Olivia Houston (helping with ramp rate trials), and to both Benoit Landry and Mathieu Préau (abstract translation).This research was made possible thanks to a number of partners.I would like to acknowledge the financial support of the FQRNT
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,001 | 0,001 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,001 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».