Results

I did principal components analyses on these, and then correlated the Environmental PC scores with the Phenotypic PC scores.Lastly, to determined the association between the Environmental PC scores and the Phenotypic PC scores I used the average morphological data for males from the 42 samples for which I had good climatic data and the climatic data set (not including latitude, longitude, elevation, or the measures of species diversity).I used a redundancy analysis (SAS PROC CANCOR; SAS Institute 1985), which links the morphological data with the climatic data with a canonical correlation analysis.This can be done both ways (morphological data vs. climatic data, or climatic data vs. morphological data) with parallel principal components analyses between the two data sets where the correlation between them is maximized.Lastly, for a multivariate measure of the concordance between these two matrices, I used Procrustes Analysis (PROTEST; Jackson 1995; D. A. Jackson, pers.comm.);many more commonly used procedures for such comparisons are unsuitable because of non-linearity among locality and environmental data.I looked at the residuals from a Procrustian analysis of the two largest axes combined from both the morphological and climatic data principal components to identify from which localities the morphology was least well explained by the climatic variation.RESULTS ?The patterns of variation in the saltmarsh Savannah Sparrows from the coast of southern California and Baja California, and Sonora and Sinaloa are substantially different, and are discussed separately.I included the sample resident in the saltmarshes near Morro Bay, California, in both groups because they are phenetically intermediate (Fig. 2; see discussion below).NON-SALTMARSH SAVANNAH SPARROWS Univariate analyses of size The ANOVA' s (which are not presented here) showed significant geographic variation with regard to all 24 skeletal variables for both sexes.Appendices 1 and 2 list means, ranges, and standard deviations for the larger samples of males and females, respectively.The patterns of variation for the two sexes are similar, and a number of overlapping statistically homogeneous (snk) subsets were identified.I will only describe general trends.Birds from Sable Island, Nova Scotia, and Umnak Island in the Aleutians are the largest (Figs. 1 and 4; Appendices 1 and 2).There is clinal variation along the Alaska Peninsula, with large birds, nearly as large on average as those on Umnak Island, at the tip (Cold Bay), intermediate birds at Port Heiden, about half-way eastward down the Peninsula, and small birds at Wasilla, Alaska (near Anchorage).Birds from Middleton Island, Alaska, in the north Pacific, are also large, nearly comparable in size to birds from Cold Bay.Savannah Sparrows from the coast of maritime Canada, including those from the Magdalen Islands, Quebec, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, are larger than those from farther inland."Ipswich" sparrows (P.s. princeps) from Sable Island, Nova Scotia, are especially large and are comparable in size (although slightly larger) with birds from the Aleutian Islands.At the other end of the spectrum, the smallest birds are from the interior of California (Owens Lake), Washington (Creston, Hoquiam), and from Nevada (Elko, Alamo), Utah (Elberta), Alberta (Milk River, Grande Prairie), Wyoming (Sheridan), the interior of Alaska (Koyuk, Wasilla, Fairbanks), and the Mackenzie River Valley, Northwest Territories (Norman Wells, Inuvik).It needs to be emphasized, however, that, with the exception of birds from Sable Island, Umnak

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