San Joaquin Valley 1983 Grape Symposium Proceedings

Most vineyards in the San Joaquin are planted with the rows 12 feet apart.This is an all-purpose spacing for raisin, wine and table varieties, although only raisin vineyards require such wide spacing for the drying process itself.Wine grape vineyards, especially those without crossarms, might well give higher yields with narrower spacing.Theoretically at least, greater yield might be expected if the row widths and vine heights were so manipulated that a much higher percentage of the sunlight were intercepted by leaves than is currently the case with 12-foot rows.Our study at the Kearney Horticultural Field Station was initiated to determine the effects of three factors: A. Row Spacing -1.Eight feet, 2. Ten feet, 3. Twelve feet (Vine spacing in the row was eight feet.);B. Variety -1.French Colombard, 2. Chenin blanc, 3. Barbera; C. Trellis -1.Vertical, three wire trellis, cordon wire at 42 inches, foliar support wires at 53 and 64 inches, 2. One-wire trellis cordon wire at 64 inches.We believed that a 10-foot spacing would give higher yields than a 12-foot spacing and would be commercially feasible.A few vineyards with 10-foot rows have existed for years.Eight foot rows were included in the trial to determine whether or not even greater yields could be obtained than with 10-foot rows recognizing that such narrow rows were not feasible.The three varieties were chosen for the trial represented important varieties currently grown in t he San Joaquin Valley and also a range of vigor levels.We needed to know whether the highly vigorous variety, French Colombard, would respond to row spacing the same as the less vigorous varieties, Chenin blanc and Barbera.It was quite possible that French Colombard might show the best yields with a wide row spacing and that Barbera or Chenin blanc would produce the highest yields with less distance between rows.We also compared a three-wire trellis, with two foliar support wires, to a one-wire trellis.The one-wire trellis was economical and also offered possible benefits in mechanical hedging or pruning.The vines were planted in 1975, trained in 1976, and bore their first crop in 1977.The yields were not taken that year because both the Chenin blanc and Barbera were shoot thinned to reduce the crop and to s pace the spurs.Yields have now been taken for the five years, 1978 through 1982.Spacing: Both the eight and 10-foot row spacings have outyielded the 12-foot spacing.The annual results (the averages of all three varieties) are as follows:

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