Surviving the concrete jungle: the eco-physiological consequences of consuming anthropogenic food waste on raccoons (Procyon lotor)
Notice bibliographique
Résumé
Urbanization is a process where natural landscapes are transformed to include structures like buildings and roads to accommodate the growing human population. Many species of wildlife are unable to adapt to these rapid and drastic landscape changes, resulting in declines to certain populations. However, species like mesocarnivores that have flexible diets are able to thrive in these urbanized environments due to the increased access to anthropogenic food waste. Food resources such as this are different in both quantity and quality, potentially leading to individual health effects. This research studied the physiological consequences associated with an urban diet in raccoons (Procyon lotor), a species that is opportunistic and omnivorous. Dietary patterns using C and N stable isotope analysis were measured, along with their effect on body condition, glycated serum protein (GSP), and leptin across an urbanization gradient from the Ontario and Québec regions during the fall. Stable isotope analysis revealed δ13C and δ15N were highest in agricultural and barren landscapes, exhibiting a diet highly reliant on C4 plants such as corn and animal protein, respectively, instead of anthropogenic food waste as previous studies with summer sampling periods have shown. Body condition had a positive relationship with both δ13C and leptin, providing evidence that increases in body condition is associated with fat mass. However, extremely high body condition with greater fat reserves may have negative health consequences such as hyperglycemia, as seen with increased GSP concentrations from raccoons in agricultural and barren landscapes. Broad scale analyses of body condition (Ontario and Québec) showed sex- specific results, where males were in better body condition in urban areas and females were in poorer body condition. Finer scale analyses of Ontario showed that raccoons from agricultural and barren landscapes were in poorer body condition than those from natural landscapes, which may provide insight into how raccoons conserve energy for locomotion. Males were found to be in consistently better body condition than females in Ontario. Surprisingly, there was no effect of urbanization in Québec potentially due to differences in municipal waste management policies. Overall, this study suggests a shift in diet from anthropogenic food waste to resources from agricultural and barren landscapes throughout the fall, as it is more readily available food source.
Récupéré en direct depuis OpenAlex et désinversé. Les résumés ne sont pas conservés dans cette base de données : les index inversés représentent 8,6 Go des 9,3 Go de texte de la base, et le serveur dispose de 13 Go libres.
Comment cette classification a été obtenuedéplier
Prédiction machine sur la base complète
Imitation des enseignantsNi prévalence calibrée, ni vérité terrain. Validation humaine à venir. Le volet Gemma est une étiquette directe du modèle pour chaque travail de la base, lue sur la notice réduite au titre. Le volet Codex est un classifieur appris des 10 348 étiquettes directes de Codex et calibré sur les taux pondérés de l'échantillon; les champs sans appui suffisant ne portent aucun appel Codex. Le mode candidate est l'union des deux volets; le consensus est leur intersection. Ces sorties portent le statut machine_predicted_unvalidated et ne sont pas des étiquettes humaines.
Scores du classifieur distillé par catégorie (deux têtes)
| Catégorie | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Métarecherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens strict) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Méta-épidémiologie (sens large) | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Bibliométrie | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Études des sciences et des technologies | 0,001 | 0,000 |
| Communication savante | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Science ouverte | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Intégrité de la recherche | 0,000 | 0,000 |
| Charge utile insuffisante (le modèle a refusé de juger) | 0,001 | 0,000 |
Scores machine (provisoires)
Les deux têtes enseignantes du modèle étudiant, lues sur ce travail. Un score ordonne la base pour la relecture; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie, et le statut de validation accompagne chaque rangée tel quel.
Scores de référence d'un modèle non mature (critères de maturité non atteints, 7 itérations). Un score ordonne; il n'affirme jamais une catégorie.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · tel quel depuis la passe de notation : score_only signifie que le nombre peut ordonner les travaux, et qu'aucune étiquette de catégorie n'en découleClassification
machine, non validéePrédiction automatique; un appel candidat d’une seule source (Gemma direct ou Codex distillé), pas un consensus.
Le détail, modèle par modèle et score par score, se trouve en fin de page sous « Comment cette classification a été obtenue ».